350619 1 apa 50 creator asc 1 1 1591 https://criticalpublichealth.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A600%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%222WE4PKID%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Abrams%20DB%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-01-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAbrams%20DB.%20%282014%29.%20Promise%20and%20peril%20of%20e-cigarettes%3A%20Can%20disruptive%20technology%20make%20cigarettes%20obsolete%3F%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJAMA%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B311%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20135%26%23×2013%3B136.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjama.2013.285347%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjama.2013.285347%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2WE4PKID%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Promise%20and%20peril%20of%20e-cigarettes%3A%20Can%20disruptive%20technology%20make%20cigarettes%20obsolete%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Abrams%20DB%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Two%20philosophies%20have%20dominated%20tobacco%20con-%5Cntrol%3A%20abstinence%20and%20harm%20reduction.%20Abstinence%20im-%5Cnplies%20avoiding%20all%20tobacco%20use%20behavior%20because%20there%20is%5Cnno%20safe%20tobacco%20or%20nicotine%20level.%20If%20avoidance%20is%20not%20prac-%5Cntical%20or%20realistic%2C%20harm%20reduction%20sets%20a%20goal%20that%20mini-%5Cnmizes%20the%20harm%20caused%20by%20the%20behavior.%20Tension%20be-%5Cntween%20reduction%20and%20abstinence%20advocates%20can%20be%5Cndivisive.%20The%20rapid%20rise%20in%20the%20use%20and%20popularity%20of%5Cne-cigarettes%20has%20substantially%20increased%20this%20tension%20be-%5Cncause%20of%20their%20potential%20for%20harm%20reduction.%20Although%20still%5Cnvariable%20in%20quality%2C%20appeal%2C%20and%20efficient%20nicotine%20deliv-%5Cnery%2C%20e-cigarettes%20represent%20an%20evolving%20frontier%2C%20filled%20with%5Cnpromise%20and%20peril%20for%20tobacco%20control%20practitioners%2C%20policy%5Cnmakers%2C%20and%20regulators%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%208%2C%202014%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1001%5C%2Fjama.2013.285347%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjama.2013.285347%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220098-7484%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZRP8IDK4%22%2C%22V484WPB3%22%2C%22SKFX846U%22%2C%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A50%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LR4JMNZG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Abrams%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-01-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAbrams%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Glasser%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Pearson%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Villanti%2C%20A.%20C.%2C%20Collins%2C%20L.%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Niaura%2C%20R.%20S.%20%282018%29.%20Harm%20Minimization%20and%20Tobacco%20Control%3A%20Reframing%20Societal%20Views%20of%20Nicotine%20Use%20to%20Rapidly%20Save%20Lives.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAnnual%20Review%20of%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-publhealth-040617-013849%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-publhealth-040617-013849%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLR4JMNZG%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Harm%20Minimization%20and%20Tobacco%20Control%3A%20Reframing%20Societal%20Views%20of%20Nicotine%20Use%20to%20Rapidly%20Save%20Lives%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abrams%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Allison%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glasser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pearson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrea%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Villanti%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Collins%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raymond%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Niaura%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Inhalation%20of%20the%20toxic%20smoke%20produced%20by%20combusting%20tobacco%20products%2C%20primarily%20cigarettes%2C%20is%20the%20overwhelming%20cause%20of%20tobacco-related%20disease%20and%20death%20in%20the%20United%20States%20and%20globally.%20A%20diverse%20class%20of%20alternative%20nicotine%20delivery%20systems%20%28ANDS%29%20has%20recently%20been%20developed%20that%20do%20not%20combust%20tobacco%20and%20are%20substantially%20less%20harmful%20than%20cigarettes.%20ANDS%20have%20the%20potential%20to%20disrupt%20the%20120-year%20dominance%20of%20the%20cigarette%20and%20challenge%20the%20field%20on%20how%20the%20tobacco%20pandemic%20could%20be%20reversed%20if%20nicotine%20is%20decoupled%20from%20lethal%20inhaled%20smoke.%20ANDS%20may%20provide%20a%20means%20to%20compete%20with%2C%20and%20even%20replace%2C%20combusted%20cigarette%20use%2C%20saving%20more%20lives%20more%20rapidly%20than%20previously%20possible.%20On%20the%20basis%20of%20the%20scientific%20evidence%20on%20ANDS%2C%20we%20explore%20benefits%20and%20harms%20to%20public%20health%20to%20guide%20practice%2C%20policy%2C%20and%20regulation.%20A%20reframing%20of%20societal%20nicotine%20use%20through%20the%20lens%20of%20harm%20minimization%20is%20an%20extraordinary%20opportunity%20to%20enhance%20the%20impact%20of%20tobacco%20control%20efforts.%20Expected%20final%20online%20publication%20date%20for%20the%20Annual%20Review%20of%20Public%20Health%20Volume%2039%20is%20April%201%2C%202018.%20Please%20see%20http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.annualreviews.org%5C%2Fpage%5C%2Fjournal%5C%2Fpubdates%20for%20revised%20estimates.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%2011%2C%202018%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1146%5C%2Fannurev-publhealth-040617-013849%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1146%5C%2Fannurev-publhealth-040617-013849%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220163-7525%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%229FHGJE98%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T02%3A26%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QRVVTF29%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Adkison%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAdkison%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BConnor%2C%20R.%20J.%2C%20Bansal-Travers%2C%20M.%2C%20Hyland%2C%20A.%2C%20Borland%2C%20R.%2C%20Yong%2C%20H.-H.%2C%20Cummings%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20McNeill%2C%20A.%2C%20Thrasher%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20Hammond%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Fong%2C%20G.%20T.%20%282013%29.%20Electronic%20Nicotine%20Delivery%20Systems%3A%20International%20Tobacco%20Control%20Four-Country%20Survey.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Preventive%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B44%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%283%29%2C%20207%26%23×2013%3B215.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2012.10.018%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2012.10.018%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQRVVTF29%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Electronic%20Nicotine%20Delivery%20Systems%3A%20International%20Tobacco%20Control%20Four-Country%20Survey%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adkison%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Connor%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maansi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bansal-Travers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hyland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ron%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Borland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hua-Hie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cummings%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McNeill%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thrasher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hammond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geoffrey%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fong%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Electronic%20nicotine%20delivery%20systems%20%28ENDS%29%20initially%20emerged%20in%202003%20and%20have%20since%20become%20widely%20available%20globally%2C%20particularly%20over%20the%20Internet.%5CnData%20on%20ENDS%20usage%20patterns%20are%20limited.%20The%20current%20paper%20examines%20patterns%20of%20ENDS%20awareness%2C%20use%2C%20and%20product-associated%20beliefs%20among%20current%20and%20former%20smokers%20in%20four%20countries.%5CnData%20come%20from%20Wave%208%20of%20the%20International%20Tobacco%20Control%20Four-Country%20Survey%2C%20collected%20July%202010%20to%20June%202011%20and%20analyzed%20through%20June%202012.%20Respondents%20included%205939%20current%20and%20former%20smokers%20in%20Canada%20%28n%3D1581%29%3B%20the%20U.S.%20%28n%3D1520%29%3B%20the%20United%20Kingdom%20%28UK%3B%20n%3D1325%29%3B%20and%20Australia%20%28n%3D1513%29.%5CnOverall%2C%2046.6%25%20were%20aware%20of%20ENDS%20%28U.S.%3A%2073%25%2C%20UK%3A%2054%25%2C%20Canada%3A%2040%25%2C%20Australia%3A%2020%25%29%3B%207.6%25%20had%20tried%20ENDS%20%2816%25%20of%20those%20aware%20of%20ENDS%29%3B%20and%202.9%25%20were%20current%20users%20%2839%25%20of%20triers%29.%20Awareness%20of%20ENDS%20was%20higher%20among%20younger%2C%20non-minority%20smokers%20with%20higher%20incomes%20who%20were%20heavier%20smokers.%20Prevalence%20of%20trying%20ENDS%20was%20higher%20among%20younger%2C%20nondaily%20smokers%20with%20a%20high%20income%20and%20among%20those%20who%20perceived%20ENDS%20as%20less%20harmful%20than%20traditional%20cigarettes.%20Current%20use%20was%20higher%20among%20both%20nondaily%20and%20heavy%20%28%5Cu226520%20cigarettes%20per%20day%29%20smokers.%20In%20all%2C%2079.8%25%20reported%20using%20ENDS%20because%20they%20were%20considered%20less%20harmful%20than%20traditional%20cigarettes%3B%2075.4%25%20stated%20that%20they%20used%20ENDS%20to%20help%20them%20reduce%20their%20smoking%3B%20and%2085.1%25%20reported%20using%20ENDS%20to%20help%20them%20quit%20smoking.%5CnAwareness%20of%20ENDS%20is%20high%2C%20especially%20in%20countries%20where%20they%20are%20legal%20%28i.e.%2C%20the%20U.S.%20and%20UK%29.%20Because%20trial%20was%20associated%20with%20nondaily%20smoking%20and%20a%20desire%20to%20quit%20smoking%2C%20ENDS%20may%20have%20the%20potential%20to%20serve%20as%20a%20cessation%20aid.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%202013%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2012.10.018%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0749379712008227%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220749-3797%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZRP8IDK4%22%2C%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A50%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WV2LIAY6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Adriaens%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAdriaens%2C%20K.%2C%20Van%20Gucht%2C%20D.%2C%20Declerck%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Baeyens%2C%20F.%20%282014%29.%20Effectiveness%20of%20the%20Electronic%20Cigarette%3A%20An%20Eight-Week%20Flemish%20Study%20with%20Six-Month%20Follow-up%20on%20Smoking%20Reduction%2C%20Craving%20and%20Experienced%20Benefits%20and%20Complaints.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInternational%20Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Research%20%26amp%3B%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2811%29%2C%2011220%26%23×2013%3B11248.%20cxh.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26amp%3Bdb%3Dcxh%26amp%3BAN%3D99727798%26amp%3Bsite%3Dehost-live%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26amp%3Bdb%3Dcxh%26amp%3BAN%3D99727798%26amp%3Bsite%3Dehost-live%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DWV2LIAY6%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effectiveness%20of%20the%20Electronic%20Cigarette%3A%20An%20Eight-Week%20Flemish%20Study%20with%20Six-Month%20Follow-up%20on%20Smoking%20Reduction%2C%20Craving%20and%20Experienced%20Benefits%20and%20Complaints.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karolien%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adriaens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dinska%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Gucht%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Declerck%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baeyens%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22November%202014%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dcxh%26AN%3D99727798%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2216604601%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225XZQ4F2N%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Agaku%20and%20Alpert%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAgaku%2C%20I.%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Alpert%2C%20H.%20R.%20%282015%29.%20Trends%20in%20annual%20sales%20and%20current%20use%20of%20cigarettes%2C%20cigars%2C%20roll-your-own%20tobacco%2C%20pipes%2C%20and%20smokeless%20tobacco%20among%20US%20adults%2C%202002%26%23×2013%3B2012.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BTobacco%20Control%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20tobaccocontrol-2014.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fearly%5C%2F2015%5C%2F04%5C%2F21%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol-2014-052125.short%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fearly%5C%2F2015%5C%2F04%5C%2F21%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol-2014-052125.short%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5XZQ4F2N%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Trends%20in%20annual%20sales%20and%20current%20use%20of%20cigarettes%2C%20cigars%2C%20roll-your-own%20tobacco%2C%20pipes%2C%20and%20smokeless%20tobacco%20among%20US%20adults%2C%202002%5Cu20132012%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Israel%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Agaku%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hillel%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alpert%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fearly%5C%2F2015%5C%2F04%5C%2F21%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol-2014-052125.short%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%229D7MF98P%22%2C%22SKFX846U%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-06-02T00%3A14%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BPHDAHQG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Al-Delaimy%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAl-Delaimy%2C%20W.%20K.%2C%20Myers%2C%20M.%20G.%2C%20Leas%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20Strong%2C%20D.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hofstetter%2C%20C.%20R.%20%282015%29.%20E-Cigarette%20Use%20in%20the%20Past%20and%20Quitting%20Behavior%20in%20the%20Future%3A%20A%20Population-Based%20Study.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B105%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%286%29%2C%201213%26%23×2013%3B1219.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2014.302482%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2014.302482%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBPHDAHQG%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22E-Cigarette%20Use%20in%20the%20Past%20and%20Quitting%20Behavior%20in%20the%20Future%3A%20A%20Population-Based%20Study%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wael%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Al-Delaimy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Myers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hofstetter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Objectives.%20We%20examined%20whether%20smokers%20who%20used%20e-cigarettes%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20quit%20after%201%20year%20than%20smokers%20who%20had%20never%20used%20e-cigarettes.%20Methods.%20We%20surveyed%20California%20smokers%20%28n%20%3D%201000%29%20at%202%20time%20points%201%20year%20apart.%20We%20conducted%20logistic%20regression%20analyses%20to%20determine%20whether%20history%20of%20e-cigarette%20use%20at%20baseline%20predicted%20quitting%20behavior%20at%20follow-up%2C%20adjusting%20for%20demographics%20and%20smoking%20behavior%20at%20baseline.%20We%20limited%20analyses%20to%20smokers%20who%20reported%20consistent%20e-cigarette%20behavior%20at%20baseline%20and%20follow-up.%20Results.%20Compared%20with%20smokers%20who%20never%20used%20e-cigarettes%2C%20smokers%20who%20ever%20used%20e-cigarettes%20were%20significantly%20less%20likely%20to%20decrease%20cigarette%20consumption%20%28odds%20ratio%20%5BOR%5D%20%3D%200.51%3B%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%20%5BCl%5D%20%3D%200.30%2C%200.87%29%2C%20and%20significantly%20less%20likely%20to%20quit%20for%2030%20days%20or%20more%20at%20follow-up%20%28OR%20%3D%200.41%3B%2095%25%20Cl%20%3D%200.18%2C%200.93%29.%20Ever-users%20of%20e-cigarettes%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20report%20a%20quit%20attempt%2C%20although%20this%20was%20not%20statistically%20significant%20%28OR%20%3D%201.15%3B%2095%25%20Cl%20%3D%200.67%2C%201.97%29.%20Conclusions.%20Smokers%20who%20have%20used%20e-cigarettes%20may%20be%20at%20increased%20risk%20for%20not%20being%20able%20to%20quit%20smoking.%20These%20findings%2C%20which%20need%20to%20be%20confirmed%20by%20longer-term%20cohort%20studies%2C%20have%20important%20policy%20and%20regulation%20implications%20regarding%20the%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%20among%20smokers.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22June%202015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2014.302482%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flibproxy.library.unt.edu%3A9443%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dsih%26AN%3D103305399%26scope%3Dsite%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200900036%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A44%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VHXNBZB7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alamar%20and%20Glantz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAlamar%2C%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Glantz%2C%20S.%20A.%20%282006%29.%20Effect%20of%20Increased%20Social%20Unacceptability%20of%20Cigarette%20Smoking%20on%20Reduction%20in%20Cigarette%20Consumption.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B96%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%288%29%2C%201359%26%23×2013%3B1363.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2005.069617%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2005.069617%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVHXNBZB7%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effect%20of%20Increased%20Social%20Unacceptability%20of%20Cigarette%20Smoking%20on%20Reduction%20in%20Cigarette%20Consumption%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alamar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stanton%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glantz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F2006%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2005.069617%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fukpmc.ac.uk%5C%2Fabstract%5C%2FMED%5C%2F16809588%5C%2Freload%3D0%3Bjsessionid%3DUKgEXN9UpZpjW6XXahiP.127%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220090-0036%2C%201541-0048%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZRP8IDK4%22%2C%2242BVNSBG%22%2C%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A50%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222KA2YK9B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alawsi%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-08-14%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAlawsi%2C%20F.%2C%20Nour%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Prabhu%2C%20S.%20%282015%29.%20Are%20e-cigarettes%20a%20gateway%20to%20smoking%20or%20a%20pathway%20to%20quitting%3F%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBritish%20Dental%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B219%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%283%29%2C%20111%26%23×2013%3B115.%20mdc%20%2826271862%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fsj.bdj.2015.591%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1038%5C%2Fsj.bdj.2015.591%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2KA2YK9B%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Are%20e-cigarettes%20a%20gateway%20to%20smoking%20or%20a%20pathway%20to%20quitting%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alawsi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nour%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prabhu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Over%20recent%20years%20there%20has%20been%20a%20massive%20increase%20in%20the%20usage%20of%20electronic%20cigarettes%20%28e-cigs%29%20by%20the%20general%20public.%20There%20are%20mixed%20views%20regarding%20the%20safety%20and%20efficacy%20of%20e-cigs%2C%20even%20among%20healthcare%20professionals.%20While%20some%20individuals%20view%20e-cigs%20as%20a%20public%20health%20concern%2C%20others%20recommend%20them%20as%20a%20safe%20alternative%20to%20conventional%20cigarettes%20for%20smokers%20who%20are%20willing%20to%20quit.%20Since%20e-cigs%20are%20a%20new%20phenomena%2C%20many%20clinicians%20are%20unaware%20of%20their%20impact%20on%20users%20%28known%20as%20vapers%29%2C%20who%20may%20seek%20medical%20advice%20regarding%20their%20use.%20This%20clinical%20review%20aims%20to%20educate%20healthcare%20professionals%20regarding%20the%20advantages%20and%20disadvantages%20of%20e-cigarettes%20and%20to%20discuss%20whether%20e-cigarettes%20help%20users%20quit%20smoking%20or%20whether%20they%20renormalise%20smoking.%20This%20article%20will%20describe%20the%20contents%20of%20e-cigs%20and%20how%20they%20are%20used%2C%20the%20history%2C%20advantages%2C%20disadvantages%20and%20then%20balance%20the%20positive%20and%20negative%20aspects%20of%20their%20use.%20Due%20to%20the%20lack%20of%20long-term%20follow%20up%20of%20the%20health%20effects%20of%20e-cigarettes%2C%20caution%20is%20advised%20with%20their%20use.%3B%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%2014%2C%202015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1038%5C%2Fsj.bdj.2015.591%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dmdc%26AN%3D26271862%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221476-5373%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RWI5M7UQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ali%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAli%2C%20M.%2C%20Gray%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20Martinez%2C%20D.%20J.%2C%20Curry%2C%20L.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Horn%2C%20K.%20A.%20%282016%29.%20Risk%20Profiles%20of%20Youth%20Single%2C%20Dual%2C%20and%20Poly%20Tobacco%20Users.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNicotine%20%26amp%3B%20Tobacco%20Research%3A%20Official%20Journal%20Of%20The%20Society%20For%20Research%20On%20Nicotine%20And%20Tobacco%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B18%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%287%29%2C%201614%26%23×2013%3B1621.%20mdc%20%2826896162%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntw028%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntw028%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRWI5M7UQ%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Risk%20Profiles%20of%20Youth%20Single%2C%20Dual%2C%20and%20Poly%20Tobacco%20Users.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maliha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tiffany%20R%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diane%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martinez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurel%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Curry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kimberly%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Horn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Introduction%3A%20Given%20widespread%20availability%20and%20uptake%20of%20myriad%20tobacco%20products%20among%20youth%2C%20a%20comprehensive%20tobacco%20control%20agenda%20necessitates%20an%20in-depth%20exploration%20of%20the%20phenomenon%20of%20concurrent%20tobacco%20use.%3B%20Methods%3A%20Multinomial%20logistic%20regression%20generated%20distinct%20concurrent%20tobacco%20use%20risk%20profiles%20of%20single%2C%20dual%2C%20and%20poly%20use%2C%20defined%20as%20use%20of%20only%20one%2C%20only%20two%2C%20and%20any%20three%20or%20more%20tobacco%20products%20in%20the%20last%2030%20days%2C%20from%20the%202012%20National%20Youth%20Tobacco%20Survey%20%28n%20%3D%2024%20658%29.%3B%20Results%3A%20Among%20youth%20using%20tobacco%20in%20the%20past%2030%20days%20%28n%20%3D%205030%29%2C%20the%20majority%20were%20poly%20tobacco%20product%20users%20%2855.9%25%2C%20n%20%3D%202813%29%2C%20followed%20by%20single%20%2828.4%25%2C%20n%20%3D%201406%29%2C%20and%20dual%20users%20%2816.1%25%2C%20n%20%3D%20811%29.%20Multivariable%20models%20showed%20higher%20levels%20of%20nicotine%20dependence%20among%20poly%20users%20compared%20to%20single%20%28relative%20risk%20ratio%20%5BRRR%5D%20%3D%203.14%2C%20P%20%26lt%3B%20.001%29%20and%20dual%20users%20%28RRR%20%3D%202.48%2C%20P%20%26lt%3B%20.001%29.%20Poly%20users%20were%20less%20likely%20to%20express%20quit%20intent%20compared%20to%20single%20%28RRR%20%3D%200.68%2C%20P%20%26lt%3B%20.01%29%20or%20dual%20users%20%28RRR%20%3D%200.77%2C%20P%20%26lt%3B%20.05%29.%20Tobacco%20harm%20perceptions%20were%20more%20likely%20among%20dual%20users%20relative%20to%20single%20product%20users%20%28RRR%20%3D%201.54%2C%20P%20%26lt%3B%20.05%29%3B%20poly%20users%20were%20less%20likely%20to%20perceive%20harm%20%28RRR%20%3D%200.56%2C%20P%20%26lt%3B%20.001%29.%20Racial%20and%20gender%20differences%20also%20emerged.%3B%20Conclusion%3A%20As%20the%20number%20of%20tobacco%20products%20increased%2C%20nicotine%20dependence%20and%20perceived%20tobacco%20use%20among%20peers%20increased%2C%20whereas%20quit%20intentions%20decreased.%20Dual%20users%20had%20greater%20tobacco%20harm%20perceptions%20than%20poly%20and%20single%20users%20and%20higher%20prevalence%20of%20electronic%20cigarette%20use.%20Results%20suggest%20that%20poly%20use%20may%20be%20driven%20by%20addiction%20whereas%20dual%20use%20may%20be%20motivated%20by%20intentions%20to%20quit.%20Focused%20risk%20assessments%20may%20inform%20tailored%20interventions%20for%20distinct%20types%20of%20tobacco%20users.%3B%20Implications%3A%20This%20study%20provides%20an%20in-depth%20look%20at%20the%20risks%20for%20concurrent%20tobacco%20use%20among%20youth%20by%20creating%20unique%20risk%20profiles%20for%20single%2C%20dual%20and%20poly%20use.%20Results%20from%20this%20study%20can%20inform%20tailored%20interventions%20for%20distinct%20types%20of%20tobacco%20users.%3B%20%5Cu00a9%20The%20Author%202016.%20Published%20by%20Oxford%20University%20Press%20on%20behalf%20of%20the%20Society%20for%20Research%20on%20Nicotine%20and%20Tobacco.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%20For%20permissions%2C%20please%20e-mail%3A%20journals.permissions%40oup.com.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%202016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntw028%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dmdc%26AN%3D26896162%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469-994X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227JHIYG5Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ambrose%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-08-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAmbrose%2C%20B.%20K.%2C%20Rostron%2C%20B.%20L.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20S.%20E.%2C%20Portnoy%2C%20D.%20B.%2C%20Apelberg%2C%20B.%20J.%2C%20Kaufman%2C%20A.%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Choiniere%2C%20C.%20J.%20%282014%29.%20Perceptions%20of%20the%20Relative%20Harm%20of%20Cigarettes%20and%20E-cigarettes%20Among%20U.S.%20Youth.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Preventive%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B47%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%2C%20Supplement%201%29%2C%20S53%26%23×2013%3BS60.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2014.04.016%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2014.04.016%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7JHIYG5Y%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Perceptions%20of%20the%20Relative%20Harm%20of%20Cigarettes%20and%20E-cigarettes%20Among%20U.S.%20Youth%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bridget%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ambrose%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rostron%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarah%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Portnoy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Apelberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Annette%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kaufman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Conrad%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Choiniere%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Despite%20progress%20in%20reducing%20youth%20smoking%2C%20adolescents%20remain%20highly%20susceptible%20to%20tobacco%20use.%20Of%20concern%20is%20whether%20youth%20perceive%20electronic%20cigarettes%20%28e-cigarettes%29%20as%20a%20preferable%20alternative%20to%20conventional%20cigarettes.%20To%20describe%20cigarette%20harm%20perception%20patterns%20among%20youth%20based%20on%20the%20frequency%20and%20intensity%20of%20cigarette%20smoking%2C%20and%20examine%20the%20relative%20harm%20perceptions%20of%20conventional%20versus%20e-cigarettes%2C%20using%20data%20from%20a%20large%2C%20nationally%20representative%20sample%20of%20U.S.%20youth.%20Data%20from%20the%202012%20National%20Youth%20Tobacco%20Survey%20%28N%3D24%2C658%29%20were%20analyzed%20in%202013%20to%20identify%20patterns%20of%20cigarette%20harm%20perceptions.%20Multinomial%20logistic%20regression%20was%20conducted%20to%20identify%20associations%20between%20demographic%20and%20tobacco%20use%20characteristics%20and%20cigarette%20harm%20perception%20patterns.%20Logistic%20regression%20was%20conducted%20to%20examine%20the%20relationship%20between%20cigarette%20harm%20perceptions%20and%20the%20perception%20of%20e-cigarettes%20as%20less%20harmful%20than%20cigarettes%20for%20current%2C%20ever%2C%20and%20never%20cigarette%20smokers.%20The%20majority%20of%20youth%20%2864.2%25%29%20perceived%20the%20harmfulness%20of%20cigarettes%20as%20dose-dependent.%20Approximately%20one%20in%20three%20students%20perceived%20e-cigarettes%20as%20less%20harmful%20than%20conventional%20cigarettes.%20Regardless%20of%20cigarette%20smoking%20status%2C%20ever%20users%20of%20e-cigarettes%20and%20those%20with%20%5Cu201cdose-dependent%5Cu201d%20cigarette%20harm%20perceptions%20consistently%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20perceive%20e-cigarettes%20as%20less%20harmful%20than%20conventional%20cigarettes.%20Many%20youth%20perceive%20tobacco%20use%20on%20a%20continuum%20of%20harm.%20Youth%20who%20perceive%20gradations%20in%20harm%5Cu2014both%20by%20frequency%20and%20intensity%20of%20cigarette%20use%20and%20by%20type%20of%20product%5Cu2014may%20be%20particularly%20susceptible%20to%20e-cigarette%20use.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%201%2C%202014%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2014.04.016%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0749379714001834%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220749-3797%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QVM8EK86%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Amrock%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAmrock%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Zakhar%2C%20J.%2C%20Zhou%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Weitzman%2C%20M.%20%282015%29.%20Perception%20of%20E-Cigarette%20Harm%20and%20Its%20Correlation%20With%20Use%20Among%20U.S.%20Adolescents.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNicotine%20%26amp%3B%20Tobacco%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B17%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%283%29%2C%20330%26%23×2013%3B336.%20cxh.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26amp%3Bdb%3Dcxh%26amp%3BAN%3D101371555%26amp%3Bsite%3Dehost-live%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26amp%3Bdb%3Dcxh%26amp%3BAN%3D101371555%26amp%3Bsite%3Dehost-live%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQVM8EK86%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Perception%20of%20E-Cigarette%20Harm%20and%20Its%20Correlation%20With%20Use%20Among%20U.S.%20Adolescents.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephen%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Amrock%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zakhar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sherry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zhou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weitzman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Introduction%3A%20U.S.%20adolescents%20increasingly%20use%20e-cigarettes.%20The%20perceived%20harm%20of%20e-cigarettes%20has%20not%20been%20described%2C%20nor%20has%20the%20correlation%20between%20harm%20perception%20and%20e-cigarette%20use%20been%20assessed.%20This%20study%20examines%20correlates%20of%20e-cigarette%20harm%20perception%20and%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%20in%20a%20national%20survey.%20Methods%3A%20We%20used%20cross-sectional%20nationally%20representative%20data%20from%20the%202012%20National%20Youth%20Tobacco%20Survey%20%28n%20%3D%2024%2C658%29.%20Cross-tabulations%20and%20multivariate%20ordered%20probit%20and%20logistic%20regression%20models%20were%20employed%20to%20assess%20relative%20harm%20perception%20and%20e-cigarette%20use.%20Results%3A%20Half%20of%20U.S.%20adolescents%20had%20heard%20of%20e-cigarettes.%20Of%20these%2C%2013.2%25%20%2895%25%20confidence%20interval%20%5BCI%5D%20%3D%2011.7%5Cu201314.9%29%20and%204.0%25%20%2895%25%20CI%20%3D%203.4%5Cu20134.7%29%20reported%20ever%20or%20currently%20using%20e-cigarettes%2C%20respectively.%20Of%20those%20aware%20of%20e-cigarettes%2C%2034.2%25%20%2895%25%20CI%20%3D%2032.8%5Cu201335.6%29%20believed%20e-cigarettes%20were%20less%20harmful%20than%20cigarettes.%20Among%20those%20trying%20e-cigarettes%2C%2071.8%25%20%2895%25%20CI%20%3D%2069.0%5Cu201374.5%29%20believed%20e-cigarettes%20were%20comparatively%20less%20harmful.%20Females%20and%20those%20%5Cu2265%2017%20years%20old%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20perceive%20e-cigarettes%20as%20more%20harmful%20relative%20to%20cigarettes%2C%20while%20on%20average%20Whites%2C%20users%20of%20other%20tobacco%20products%2C%20and%20those%20with%20family%20members%20who%20used%20tobacco%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20perceive%20e-cigarettes%20as%20comparatively%20safer.%20Among%20cigarette-naive%20e-cigarette%20users%2C%20use%20of%20other%20tobacco%20products%20and%20perceived%20harm%20reduction%20by%20e-cigarettes%20were%2C%20respectively%2C%20on%20average%20associated%20with%201.6%20and%204.1%20percentage-point%20increases%20in%20e-cigarette%20use.%20Conclusions%3A%20Perception%20of%20e-cigarettes%20as%20less%20harmful%20than%20conventional%20cigarettes%20was%20associated%20with%20increased%20e-cigarette%20use%2C%20including%20among%20cigarette-naive%20e-cigarette%20users.%20These%20findings%20should%20prompt%20further%20scientific%20investigation%20and%20merit%20attention%20from%20regulators.%20%5BABSTRACT%20FROM%20AUTHOR%5D%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22March%202015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dcxh%26AN%3D101371555%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2214622203%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YS6YAD74%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anand%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnand%2C%20V.%2C%20McGinty%2C%20K.%20L.%2C%20O%26%23×2019%3BBrien%2C%20K.%2C%20Guenthner%2C%20G.%2C%20Hahn%2C%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Martin%2C%20C.%20A.%20%282015%29.%20E-cigarette%20Use%20and%20Beliefs%20Among%20Urban%20Public%20High%20School%20Students%20in%20North%20Carolina.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Adolescent%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B57%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%2046%26%23×2013%3B51.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2015.03.018%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2015.03.018%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYS6YAD74%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22E-cigarette%20Use%20and%20Beliefs%20Among%20Urban%20Public%20High%20School%20Students%20in%20North%20Carolina%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Vivek%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anand%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kaye%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGinty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Brien%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregory%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guenthner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ellen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hahn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Martin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5CnThe%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20examine%20the%20prevalence%2C%20attitudes%2C%20and%20risk%20factors%20associated%20with%20electronic%20cigarette%20%28e-cigarette%29%20use%20among%20high%20school%20students%20in%20tobacco%20growing%20state.%20A%2047-item%20e-cigarette%20questionnaire%20modeled%20after%20Monitoring%20the%20Future%20with%20additional%20information%20about%20demographics%2C%20adolescent%20and%20family%20nicotine%20use%2C%20and%20school%20and%20health%20care%20interventions%20was%20designed%2C%20piloted%2C%20and%20administered%20to%20public%20high%20school%20students%20%28N%5Cu00a0%3D%203%2C298%29%20in%20May%202013%2C%20in%20an%20urban%20county%20in%20North%20Carolina.%20Completers%20%282%2C769%5C%2F3%2C298%29%20were%20aged%2016.4%5Cu00a0years%20%28standard%20deviation%20%5Cu00b1%201.4%29%20with%2048.9%25%20males%20and%2043.9%25%20African-American%2C%2038%25%20white%2C%20and%204.6%25%20Hispanics.%20The%20majority%20%2877.3%25%29%20knew%20about%20e-cigarettes%3B%2015.2%25%20reported%20that%20they%20had%20tried%20an%20e-cigarette%2C%20and%2060%25%20reported%20that%20e-cigarettes%20were%20safe%20or%20had%20minimal%20health%20hazards.%20Only%205.4%25%20reported%20that%20schools%20had%20offered%20information%20about%20e-cigarette%20use.%20One%20quarter%20%2824.9%25%29%20reported%20ever%20cigarette%20smoking%2C%20and%2013.3%25%20reported%20ever%20using%20smokeless%20tobacco.%20E-cigarette%20use%20was%20positively%20associated%20with%20older%20age%2C%20tobacco%20use%2C%20male%20gender%2C%20Caucasian%20race%2C%20mother%26%23039%3Bs%20e-cigarette%20use%2C%20biological%20parents%26%23039%3B%20tobacco%20use%2C%20and%20lower%20academic%20performance%2C%20whereas%20negatively%20associated%20with%20having%20a%20mother%20who%20never%20used%20e-cigarettes%2C%20not%20knowing%20any%20e-cigarette%20users%2C%20and%20living%20with%20mother%20%28p%20%26lt%3B%20.05%29.%20E-cigarette%20use%20and%20awareness%20is%20evident%20among%20high%20school%20students%20in%20North%20Carolina.%20A%20high%20number%20of%20smokers%20and%20smokeless%20tobacco%20users%20are%20using%20e-cigarettes%20simultaneously%2C%20and%20many%20perceive%20e-cigarettes%20as%20healthy%20and%20with%20minimal%20health%20hazards.%20Also%2C%20there%20is%20limited%20school-based%20education%20about%20e-cigarettes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%201%2C%202015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2015.03.018%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS1054139X15001251%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221054-139X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N93AABGD%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnderson%2C%20P.%20%282014%29.%20Reframing%20the%20Governance%20of%20Addictions.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSUCHT-Zeitschrift%20F%26%23xFC%3Br%20Wissenschaft%20Und%20Praxis%5C%2FJournal%20of%20Addiction%20Research%20and%20Practice%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B60%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%286%29%2C%20309%26%23×2013%3B311.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN93AABGD%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reframing%20the%20Governance%20of%20Addictions%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KTF6VKUV%22%2C%2242BVNSBG%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-06-02T01%3A09%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224QH2TCS9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Anderson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnderson%2C%20P.%20J.%20%282005%29.%20History%20of%20aerosol%20therapy%3A%20liquid%20nebulization%20to%20MDIs%20to%20DPIs.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRespiratory%20Care%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B50%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%289%29%2C%201139%26%23×2013%3B1150.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frc.rcjournal.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F50%5C%2F9%5C%2F1139.short%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frc.rcjournal.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F50%5C%2F9%5C%2F1139.short%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4QH2TCS9%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22History%20of%20aerosol%20therapy%3A%20liquid%20nebulization%20to%20MDIs%20to%20DPIs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paula%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Anderson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frc.rcjournal.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F50%5C%2F9%5C%2F1139.short%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%227SN29QFJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-02-17T00%3A08%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228KM4VB9L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Annechino%20and%20Antin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-02-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnnechino%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Antin%2C%20T.%20%282018%29.%20Taking%20Sides%20in%20E-Cigarette%20Research%20%28interactive%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BOpen%20Science%20Framework%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17605%5C%2FOSF.IO%5C%2FC6NT8%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17605%5C%2FOSF.IO%5C%2FC6NT8%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8KM4VB9L%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Taking%20Sides%20in%20E-Cigarette%20Research%20%28interactive%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Annechino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20interactive%20slide%20show%20based%20on%20our%20presentation%20at%20the%202016%20Ethnographic%20Praxis%20in%20Industry%20Conference.%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20Hosted%20on%20the%20Open%20Science%20Framework%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-02-11%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17605%5C%2FOSF.IO%5C%2FC6NT8%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fosf.io%5C%2Fc6nt8%5C%2F%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%229FHGJE98%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A58%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MHUNS6ED%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Annechino%20and%20Antin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnnechino%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Antin%2C%20T.%20%282018%2C%20March%2030%29.%20Truth-telling%2C%20trust%20and%20e-cigarettes.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCenter%20for%20Critical%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcriticalpublichealth.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F2018%5C%2F03%5C%2F30%5C%2Ftruth-telling-trust-and-e-cigarettes%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcriticalpublichealth.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F2018%5C%2F03%5C%2F30%5C%2Ftruth-telling-trust-and-e-cigarettes%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMHUNS6ED%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Truth-telling%2C%20trust%20and%20e-cigarettes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Annechino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22It%20should%20go%20without%20saying%20that%20public%20health%20institutions%20and%20researchers%20have%20an%20obligation%20to%20tell%20the%20truth.%20In%20principle%2C%20there%20aren%5Cu2019t%20many%20stakeholders%20in%20e-cigarette%20research%20who%20would%20argue%20otherwise.%20But%20questions%20about%20whose%20truth%20and%20how%20information%20about%20e-cigarettes%20should%20be%20communicated%20have%20been%20highly%20controversial.%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22Center%20for%20Critical%20Public%20Health%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-03-30T11%3A34%3A06-07%3A00%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcriticalpublichealth.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F2018%5C%2F03%5C%2F30%5C%2Ftruth-telling-trust-and-e-cigarettes%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%229FHGJE98%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T02%3A00%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TKBSTRAL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Annechino%20and%20Antin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAnnechino%2C%20R.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Antin%2C%20T.%20%282016%29.%20Taking%20Sides%20in%20E-cigarette%20Research.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEthnographic%20Praxis%20in%20Industry%20Conference%20Proceedings%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2016%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%20105%26%23×2013%3B119.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1559-8918.2016.01079%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1559-8918.2016.01079%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTKBSTRAL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Taking%20Sides%20in%20E-cigarette%20Research%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Annechino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20the%20last%20ten%20years%2C%20an%20eclectic%20mix%20of%20electronic%20nicotine%20delivery%20products%20%28%5Cu2018e-cigarettes%5Cu2019%29%20and%20practices%20have%20proliferated%20in%20the%20US%20with%20little%20restriction%2C%20producing%20a%20vast%20array%20of%20vaping%20mechanisms%2C%20flavors%2C%20and%20styles.%20At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20anti-tobacco%20movements%20have%20targeted%20e-cigarettes%20as%20a%20threat%20to%20public%20health%20and%20advocated%20for%20restricting%20e-cigarettes%20in%20much%20the%20same%20way%20as%20conventional%20cigarettes.%20While%20anti-vaping%20proponents%20associated%20with%20public%20health%20movements%20have%20typically%20regarded%20e-cigarettes%20as%20primarily%20harmful%20products%20that%20should%20be%20suppressed%2C%20vaping%20advocates%20regard%20e-cigarettes%20as%20harm%20reduction%20products%20that%20should%20be%20readily%20accessible%20to%20smokers.%20Distrust%20between%20these%20two%20warring%20%5Cu201csides%5Cu201d%20animates%20the%20controversy%20over%20e-cigarettes.%20In%20our%20role%20as%20researchers%20conducting%20a%20qualitative%20study%20on%20e-cigarette%20use%2C%20we%20encountered%20suspicion%20and%20anger%20from%20members%20of%20an%20e-cigarette%20forum%20who%20felt%20that%20pro-vaping%20perspectives%20were%20often%20misrepresented%20by%20researchers.%20As%20a%20result%2C%20we%20dropped%20our%20initial%20plan%20to%20host%20a%20group%20discussion%20of%20questions%20directly%20related%20to%20our%20study%20on%20the%20forum.%20Nevertheless%2C%20the%20incident%20illuminated%20how%20vaping%20advocates%20have%20resisted%20dominant%20narratives%20regarding%20tobacco%20and%20nicotine%20use%2C%20destabilized%20nicotine%20product%20categories%20and%20challenged%20interpretations%20of%20nicotine%20use%20that%20dichotomize%20pleasure%20and%20health.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22November%201%2C%202016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2F1559-8918.2016.01079%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2F1559-8918.2016.01079%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221559-8918%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%229PWKD8Z4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CXF9AKX7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Antin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-03-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAntin%2C%20T.%20%282014%2C%20March%2024%29.%20E-cigarettes.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCenter%20for%20Critical%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcriticalpublichealth.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F2014%5C%2F03%5C%2F24%5C%2Fe-cigarettes%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcriticalpublichealth.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F2014%5C%2F03%5C%2F24%5C%2Fe-cigarettes%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCXF9AKX7%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22E-cigarettes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%5Cu2019s%20a%20lot%20of%20discussion%20today%20about%20e-cigarettes.%20Will%20they%20help%20current%20smokers%20quit%20smoking%3F%20Will%20they%20jeopardize%20public%20health%20efforts%20that%20aim%20to%20make%20cigarette%20smoking%20socially%20unacceptable%2C%20or%20could%20their%20popularity%20further%20denormalize%20cigarette%20smoking%3F%20Will%20they%20be%20a%20gateway%20into%20cigarette%20smoking%20for%20young%20people%3F%20If%20e-cigarettes%20are%20less%20harmful%20than%20conventional%20cigarettes%2C%20does%20stigmatizing%20e-cigarettes%20threaten%20public%20health%20efforts%3F%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22Center%20for%20Critical%20Public%20Health%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014-03-24T14%3A37%3A27-07%3A00%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcriticalpublichealth.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F2014%5C%2F03%5C%2F24%5C%2Fe-cigarettes%5C%2F%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%229FHGJE98%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T02%3A02%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ILUC73ZP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Antin%20and%20Hunt%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAntin%2C%20T.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hunt%2C%20G.%20%282018%29.%20The%20what%20is%20and%20why%20bother%20with%20a%20critical%20public%20health.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BOpen%20Science%20Framework%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17605%5C%2FOSF.IO%5C%2F74RUS%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.17605%5C%2FOSF.IO%5C%2F74RUS%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DILUC73ZP%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20what%20is%20and%20why%20bother%20with%20a%20critical%20public%20health%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamar%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geoffrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hunt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%3A%20While%20we%20all%20have%20an%20understanding%20of%20what%20is%20meant%20by%20the%20term%20critical%2C%20the%20precise%20meaning%20of%20the%20word%20when%20attached%20to%20a%20type%20of%20research%20is%20perhaps%20more%20complex.%20Basing%20our%20approach%20on%20the%20work%20of%20Lee%20Harvey%2C%20Judith%20Green%2C%20and%20Ronald%20LeBonte%2C%20we%20describe%20an%20approach%20to%20public%20health%20that%20questions%20the%20status%20quo%20by%20situating%20taken-for-granted%20beliefs%20within%20the%20context%20of%20social%20systems%20in%20which%20they%20are%20created.%20As%20such%2C%20critical%20research%20is%2C%20by%20definition%2C%20a%20political%20project.%20Using%20examples%20from%20our%20research%20with%20marginalized%20youth%2C%20we%20illustrate%20how%20population-level%20health%20policies%20may%20be%20iatrogenic%20and%20may%20exacerbate%20as%20opposed%20to%20ameliorate%20inequities%20in%20health.%20%5Cn%20%20%20%20Hosted%20on%20the%20Open%20Science%20Framework%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-05-15%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.17605%5C%2FOSF.IO%5C%2F74RUS%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fosf.io%5C%2F74rus%5C%2F%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%229FHGJE98%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A59%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224JAQJWMM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Antin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAntin%2C%20T.%20M.%20J.%2C%20Lipperman-Kreda%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hunt%2C%20G.%20%282015%29.%20Tobacco%20Denormalization%20as%20a%20Public%20Health%20Strategy%3A%20Implications%20for%20Sexual%20and%20Gender%20Minorities.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20Of%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B105%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2812%29%2C%202426%26%23×2013%3B2429.%20mdc%20%2826469677%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2015.302806%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2015.302806%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4JAQJWMM%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tobacco%20Denormalization%20as%20a%20Public%20Health%20Strategy%3A%20Implications%20for%20Sexual%20and%20Gender%20Minorities.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamar%20M%20J%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sharon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lipperman-Kreda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geoffrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hunt%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20the%20population-level%20success%20of%20tobacco%20denormalization%20is%20widely%20accepted%2C%20it%20remains%20unclear%20whether%20these%20strategies%20alleviate%20health%20inequities%20for%20sexual%20and%20gender%20minorities.%20The%20high%20risk%20of%20smoking%20among%20sexual%20and%20gender%20minorities%20together%20with%20research%20that%20documents%20a%20relationship%20between%20stigma-related%20processes%20and%20smoking%20prevalence%20for%20these%20groups%20raises%20questions%20about%20whether%20tobacco-related%20stigma%20intensifies%20the%20disadvantages%20associated%20with%20the%20stigmas%20of%20other%20social%20identities.%20We%20have%20not%20adequately%20considered%20how%20tobacco-related%20stigma%20overlaps%20with%20other%20social%20identity%20stigmas.%20Given%20concerns%20about%20the%20intensification%20of%20inequality%2C%20this%20type%20of%20inquiry%20has%20important%20implications%20for%20understanding%20both%20the%20effectiveness%20and%20limitations%20of%20tobacco%20denormalization%20strategies%20for%20sexual%20and%20gender%20minorities%20and%20identifying%20those%20tobacco%20prevention%2C%20treatment%2C%20and%20public%20health%20policies%20that%20work%20to%20ameliorate%20health%20inequities.%3B%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22December%202015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2105%5C%2FAJPH.2015.302806%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dmdc%26AN%3D26469677%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221541-0048%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22Q8SDUVDX%22%2C%22QKIJ22JL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PINSK4PS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Antin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAntin%2C%20T.%20M.%20J.%2C%20Annechino%2C%20R.%2C%20Hunt%2C%20G.%2C%20Lipperman-Kreda%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Young%2C%20M.%20%282017%29.%20The%20gendered%20experience%20of%20smoking%20stigma%3A%20implications%20for%20tobacco%20control.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCritical%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B27%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%29%2C%20443%26%23×2013%3B454.%20cxh.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26amp%3Bdb%3Dcxh%26amp%3BAN%3D123537469%26amp%3Bsite%3Dehost-live%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26amp%3Bdb%3Dcxh%26amp%3BAN%3D123537469%26amp%3Bsite%3Dehost-live%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPINSK4PS%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20gendered%20experience%20of%20smoking%20stigma%3A%20implications%20for%20tobacco%20control.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamar%20M.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Antin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Annechino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Geoffrey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hunt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sharon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lipperman-Kreda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Malisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Young%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tobacco%20denormalization%20is%20a%20widely%20accepted%20tobacco%20control%20strategy%2C%20shaping%20policies%20and%20programs%20throughout%20the%20United%20States%20as%20well%20as%20globally.%20In%20spite%20of%20widespread%20beliefs%20about%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20tobacco%20denormalization%20approaches%2C%20concerns%20about%20their%20emphasis%20on%20stigmatization%20have%20emerged.%20Social%20science%20research%20on%20smoking%20stigma%20raises%20questions%20about%20the%20potential%20iatrogenic%20consequences%20of%20tobacco%20denormalization%20approaches.%20Few%20studies%20have%20considered%20how%20smoking%20stigma%20may%20be%20internalized%20differently%20by%20different%20people%2C%20particularly%20those%20who%20experience%20stigmatization%20because%20of%20other%20socially%20ascribed%20makers%20of%20inequity%20%28e.g.%20race%2C%20ethnicity%2C%20gender%2C%20sexuality%29.%20The%20intersection%20of%20multiple%20stigmas%20may%20work%20to%20intensify%20the%20%5Cu2018social%20isolation%20and%20marginalization%5Cu2019%20that%20some%20people%20already%20experience.%20This%20paper%20presents%20results%20from%20a%20pattern-level%20analysis%20of%20focus%20group%20and%20interview%20data%20from%20a%20study%20investigating%20smoking-related%20stigma%20and%20perceptions%20of%20tobacco%20denormalization%20approaches%20among%2015%20low%20income%20Black%20women%20who%20smoke%20in%20the%20San%20Francisco%20Bay%20Area.%20Our%20analysis%20revealed%20a%20cycle%20where%20Black%20women%5Cu2019s%20experiences%20with%20structural%20oppression%20resulted%20in%20stress%20and%20the%20use%20of%20cigarettes%20to%20cope%20with%20that%20stress.%20Though%20the%20connection%20between%20smoking%20and%20stress%20is%20well%20documented%20in%20previous%20research%2C%20our%20analysis%20further%20revealed%20the%20additional%20contribution%20of%20the%20stigmatization%20of%20smoking%20and%20how%20it%20intensifies%20inequity%20for%20Black%20women%20who%20smoke.%20Implications%20of%20these%20findings%20for%20tobacco%20control%20and%20prevention%20are%20discussed.%20%5BABSTRACT%20FROM%20PUBLISHER%5D%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22September%202017%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dcxh%26AN%3D123537469%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209581596%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22Q8SDUVDX%22%2C%22QKIJ22JL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MT2CZ995%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arnold%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BArnold%2C%20C.%20%282014%29.%20Vaping%20and%20Health%3A%20What%20Do%20We%20Know%20about%20E-Cigarettes%3F%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEnvironmental%20Health%20Perspectives%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B122%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%289%29%2C%20A244%26%23×2013%3BA249.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1289%5C%2Fehp.122-A244%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1289%5C%2Fehp.122-A244%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMT2CZ995%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Vaping%20and%20Health%3A%20What%20Do%20We%20Know%20about%20E-Cigarettes%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carrie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arnold%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22PMID%3A%2025181730%5CnPMCID%3A%20PMC4154203%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014-9%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1289%5C%2Fehp.122-A244%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%5C%2Fpmc%5C%2Farticles%5C%2FPMC4154203%5C%2F%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220091-6765%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZRP8IDK4%22%2C%22CE7P93IR%22%2C%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A50%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22M3IWBD2C%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Arrazola%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BArrazola%2C%20R.%2C%20Dube%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20King%2C%20B.%20%282013%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BTobacco%20Product%20Use%20Among%20Middle%20and%20High%20School%20Students%20%26%23×2014%3B%20United%20States%2C%202011%20and%202012%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%5BMorbidity%20and%20Mortality%20Weekly%5D.%20Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cdc.gov%5C%2Fmmwr%5C%2Fpreview%5C%2Fmmwrhtml%5C%2Fmm6245a2.htm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cdc.gov%5C%2Fmmwr%5C%2Fpreview%5C%2Fmmwrhtml%5C%2Fmm6245a2.htm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DM3IWBD2C%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tobacco%20Product%20Use%20Among%20Middle%20and%20High%20School%20Students%20%5Cu2014%20United%20States%2C%202011%20and%202012%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rene%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Arrazola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shanta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dube%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22King%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22Morbidity%20and%20Mortality%20Weekly%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cdc.gov%5C%2Fmmwr%5C%2Fpreview%5C%2Fmmwrhtml%5C%2Fmm6245a2.htm%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A44%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UABFJTC7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ayers%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAyers%2C%20J.%20W.%2C%20Ribisl%2C%20K.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Brownstein%2C%20J.%20S.%20%282011%29.%20Tracking%20the%20Rise%20in%20Popularity%20of%20Electronic%20Nicotine%20Delivery%20Systems%20%28Electronic%20Cigarettes%29%20Using%20Search%20Query%20Surveillance.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Preventive%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B40%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%29%2C%20448%26%23×2013%3B453.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2010.12.007%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2010.12.007%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUABFJTC7%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tracking%20the%20Rise%20in%20Popularity%20of%20Electronic%20Nicotine%20Delivery%20Systems%20%28Electronic%20Cigarettes%29%20Using%20Search%20Query%20Surveillance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ayers%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kurt%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ribisl%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brownstein%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Public%20interest%20in%20electronic%20nicotine%20delivery%20systems%20%28ENDS%29%20is%20undocumented.%5CnBy%20monitoring%20search%20queries%2C%20ENDS%20popularity%20and%20correlates%20of%20their%20popularity%20were%20assessed%20in%20Australia%2C%20Canada%2C%20the%20United%20Kingdom%20%28UK%29%2C%20and%20the%20U.S.%5CnEnglish-language%20Google%20searches%20conducted%20from%20January%202008%20through%20September%202010%20were%20compared%20to%20snus%2C%20nicotine%20replacement%20therapy%20%28NRT%29%2C%20and%20Chantix%5Cu00ae%20or%20Champix%5Cu00ae.%20Searches%20for%20each%20week%20were%20scaled%20to%20the%20highest%20weekly%20search%20proportion%20%28100%29%2C%20with%20lower%20values%20indicating%20the%20relative%20search%20proportion%20compared%20to%20the%20highest-proportion%20week%20%28e.g.%2C%2050%3D50%25%20of%20the%20highest%20observed%20proportion%29.%20Analyses%20were%20performed%20in%202010.%5CnFrom%20July%202008%20through%20February%202010%2C%20ENDS%20searches%20increased%20in%20all%20nations%20studied%20except%20Australia%2C%20there%20an%20increase%20occurred%20more%20recently.%20By%20September%202010%2C%20ENDS%20searches%20were%20several-hundred-fold%20greater%20than%20searches%20for%20smoking%20alternatives%20in%20the%20UK%20and%20U.S.%2C%20and%20were%20rivaling%20alternatives%20in%20Australia%20and%20Canada.%20Across%20nations%2C%20ENDS%20searches%20were%20highest%20in%20the%20U.S.%2C%20followed%20by%20similar%20search%20intensity%20in%20Canada%20and%20the%20UK%2C%20with%20Australia%20having%20the%20fewest%20ENDS%20searches.%20Stronger%20tobacco%20control%2C%20created%20by%20clean%20indoor%20air%20laws%2C%20cigarette%20taxes%2C%20and%20anti-smoking%20populations%2C%20were%20associated%20with%20consistently%20higher%20levels%20of%20ENDS%20searches.%5CnThe%20online%20popularity%20of%20ENDS%20has%20surpassed%20that%20of%20snus%20and%20NRTs%2C%20which%20have%20been%20on%20the%20market%20for%20far%20longer%2C%20and%20is%20quickly%20outpacing%20Chantix%20or%20Champix.%20In%20part%2C%20the%20association%20between%20ENDS%26%23039%3Bs%20popularity%20and%20stronger%20tobacco%20control%20suggests%20ENDS%20are%20used%20to%20bypass%2C%20or%20quit%20in%20response%20to%2C%20smoking%20restrictions.%20Search%20query%20surveillance%20is%20a%20valuable%2C%20real-time%2C%20free%2C%20and%20public%20method%20to%20evaluate%20the%20diffusion%20of%20new%20health%20products.%20This%20method%20may%20be%20generalized%20to%20other%20behavioral%2C%20biological%2C%20informational%2C%20or%20psychological%20outcomes%20manifested%20on%20search%20engines.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%202011%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2010.12.007%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0749379710007932%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220749-3797%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZRP8IDK4%22%2C%224RKPJ2B7%22%2C%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A51%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EPGPWFP2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Azagba%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAzagba%2C%20S.%20%282018%29.%20E-cigarette%20use%2C%20dual%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%20and%20tobacco%20cigarettes%2C%20and%20frequency%20of%20cannabis%20use%20among%20high%20school%20students.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAddictive%20Behaviors%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B79%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20166%26%23×2013%3B170.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.addbeh.2017.12.028%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.addbeh.2017.12.028%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEPGPWFP2%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22E-cigarette%20use%2C%20dual%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%20and%20tobacco%20cigarettes%2C%20and%20frequency%20of%20cannabis%20use%20among%20high%20school%20students%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sunday%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azagba%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5CnThe%20proliferation%20of%20electronic%20vaping%20products%20raises%20many%20concerns%2C%20including%20whether%20these%20products%20will%20lead%20to%20risky%20behaviors%20among%20adolescents.%20Evidence%20suggests%20that%20e-cigarettes%20may%20be%20used%20to%20vaporize%20cannabis%20%28marijuana%29.%20The%20current%20study%20examined%20associations%20between%20e-cigarette%20use%2C%20dual%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%20and%20tobacco%20cigarettes%2C%20and%20frequency%20of%20cannabis%20use.%20Data%20on%20high%20school%20students%20%28grades%209%5Cu201312%29%20were%20from%20the%202014%5Cu20132015%20Canadian%20Student%20Tobacco%2C%20Alcohol%20and%20Drugs%20Survey%20%28n%3D23%2C429%20respondents%29.%20Multinomial%20logistic%20regression%20analyses%20were%20used%20to%20examine%20frequency%20of%20cannabis%20use%20among%20those%20who%20reported%20using%20only%20e-cigarettes%2C%20only%20tobacco%20cigarettes%2C%20both%20products%2C%20and%20nonusers.%20Approximately%2015%25%20of%20respondents%20reported%20using%20cannabis%20at%20least%20once%20in%20the%20past%20month.%20Likelihood%20of%20using%20cannabis%20was%20significantly%20higher%20for%20e-cigarette%20only%20and%20cigarette-%20only%20users.%20Users%20of%20both%20products%20had%20increased%20odds%20for%20a%20higher%20frequency%20of%20cannabis%20use.%20These%20results%20indicated%20a%20sequential%20risk%20gradient%20in%20the%20use%20of%20cannabis%20for%20dual%20use%2C%20cigarette%20only%2C%20e-cigarette%20only%2C%20and%20non-use%20groups%2C%20respectively.%20Youth%20who%20reported%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%2C%20tobacco%20cigarettes%2C%20and%20both%20products%20showed%20a%20heightened%20risk%20of%20using%20cannabis%20more%20frequently.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%201%2C%202018%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.addbeh.2017.12.028%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0306460317304847%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220306-4603%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FF23AMWJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Azagba%20and%20Wolfson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAzagba%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wolfson%2C%20M.%20%282018%29.%20Full%20length%20article%3A%20E-cigarette%20use%20and%20quantity%20of%20cigarette%20smoking%20among%20adolescent%20cigarette%20smokers%3A%20A%20finite%20mixture%20model%20analysis.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BDrug%20and%20Alcohol%20Dependence%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B185%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2033%26%23×2013%3B39.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.drugalcdep.2017.12.003%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.drugalcdep.2017.12.003%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DFF23AMWJ%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Full%20length%20article%3A%20E-cigarette%20use%20and%20quantity%20of%20cigarette%20smoking%20among%20adolescent%20cigarette%20smokers%3A%20A%20finite%20mixture%20model%20analysis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sunday%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azagba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wolfson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5Cu2022E-cigarette%20use%20and%20quantity%20of%20cigarette%20smoking%20were%20examined%20among%20adolescents.%5Cu2022A%20finite%20mixture%20model%20analysis%20was%20performed.%5Cu2022Association%20between%20e-cigarette%20use%20and%20cigarette%20quantity%20may%20vary%20by%20smoker%20types.%5Cu2022Significant%20association%20may%20be%20driven%20by%20cigarette%20smoking%20patterns.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F4%5C%2F1%5C%2F1%20April%202018%5C%2F%5C%2F%5C%2F%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.drugalcdep.2017.12.003%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220376-8716%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A49%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PJAUNBRL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Azagba%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAzagba%2C%20S.%2C%20Baskerville%2C%20N.%20B.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Foley%2C%20K.%20%282017%29.%20Susceptibility%20to%20cigarette%20smoking%20among%20middle%20and%20high%20school%20e-cigarette%20users%20in%20Canada.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPreventive%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B103%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2014%26%23×2013%3B19.%20mdc%20%2828735725%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ypmed.2017.07.017%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ypmed.2017.07.017%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPJAUNBRL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Susceptibility%20to%20cigarette%20smoking%20among%20middle%20and%20high%20school%20e-cigarette%20users%20in%20Canada.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sunday%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Azagba%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neill%20Bruce%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baskerville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kristie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Foley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20is%20a%20growing%20concern%20that%20the%20historic%20reductions%20in%20tobacco%20consumption%20witnessed%20in%20the%20past%20decades%20may%20be%20undermined%20by%20the%20rapid%20increase%20in%20e-cigarette%20use.%20This%20study%20examined%20the%20association%20between%20e-cigarette%20use%20and%20future%20intention%20to%20smoke%20cigarettes%20among%20middle%20and%20high%20school%20students%20who%20had%20never%20smoked%20cigarettes.%20Data%20were%20drawn%20from%20the%202014-2015%20Canadian%20Student%20Tobacco%2C%20Alcohol%20and%20Drugs%20Survey%20%28n%3D25%2C637%29.%20A%20multivariable%20logistic%20regression%20model%20was%20used%20to%20examine%20the%20association%20between%20e-cigarette%20use%20and%20susceptibility%20to%20cigarette%20smoking.%20In%20addition%2C%20an%20inverse%20probability%20of%20treatment%20weighted%20regression%20adjustment%20method%20%28doubly%20robust%20estimator%29%2C%20which%20models%20both%20the%20susceptibility%20to%20smoking%20and%20the%20probability%20of%20e-cigarette%20use%2C%20was%20conducted.%20About%2010%25%20of%20the%20students%20had%20ever%20tried%20an%20e-cigarette.%20There%20were%20higher%20rates%20of%20ever%20e-cigarette%20use%20among%20students%20in%20grades%2010-12%20%2812.5%25%29%20than%20those%20in%20grades%207-9%20%287.3%25%29.%20Students%20who%20had%20ever%20tried%20an%20e-cigarette%20had%20higher%20odds%20of%20susceptibility%20to%20cigarette%20smoking%20%28adjusted%20odds%20ratio%3D2.16%2C%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%3D1.80-2.58%29%20compared%20to%20those%20that%20had%20never%20tried%20an%20e-cigarette.%20Current%20use%20of%20an%20e-cigarette%20was%20associated%20with%20higher%20odds%20of%20smoking%20susceptibility%20%28adjusted%20odds%20ratio%3D2.02%2C%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%3D1.43-2.84%29.%20Similar%20results%20were%20obtained%20from%20the%20doubly%20robust%20estimation.%20Among%20students%20who%20had%20never%20smoked%20cigarettes%2C%20e-cigarette%20use%20was%20associated%20with%20a%20higher%20susceptibility%20to%20cigarette%20smoking.%3B%20Copyright%20%5Cu00a9%202017%20Elsevier%20Inc.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22October%202017%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ypmed.2017.07.017%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dmdc%26AN%3D28735725%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221096-0260%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RRMWAZI5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Balfour%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBalfour%2C%20D.%20J.%20%282001%29.%20The%20neurobiology%20of%20tobacco%20dependence%3A%20a%20commentary.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BRespiration%3B%20International%20Review%20of%20Thoracic%20Diseases%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B69%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%207%26%23×2013%3B11.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Feuropepmc.org%5C%2Fabstract%5C%2Fmed%5C%2F11844955%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Feuropepmc.org%5C%2Fabstract%5C%2Fmed%5C%2F11844955%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRRMWAZI5%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20neurobiology%20of%20tobacco%20dependence%3A%20a%20commentary.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balfour%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Feuropepmc.org%5C%2Fabstract%5C%2Fmed%5C%2F11844955%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228FBRMISE%22%2C%22QXVCE8FM%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-06-08T07%3A22%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MIQRCNHP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Balhas%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBalhas%2C%20Z.%2C%20Talih%2C%20S.%2C%20Eissenberg%2C%20T.%2C%20Salman%2C%20R.%2C%20Karaoghlanian%2C%20N.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Shihadeh%2C%20A.%20%282014%29.%20Effects%20of%20user%20puff%20topography%20and%20device%20characteristics%20on%20electronic%20cigarette%20nicotine%20yield.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B20th%20Annual%20Meeting%20of%20the%20Society%20for%20Research%20on%20Nicotine%20and%20Tobacco%20%28SRNT%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMIQRCNHP%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effects%20of%20user%20puff%20topography%20and%20device%20characteristics%20on%20electronic%20cigarette%20nicotine%20yield%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balhas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talih%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eissenberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Salman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Karaoghlanian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shihadeh%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%2220th%20Annual%20Meeting%20of%20the%20Society%20for%20Research%20on%20Nicotine%20and%20Tobacco%20%28SRNT%29%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22A2BZQR6A%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-06-02T00%3A55%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BEF543AZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A194967%2C%22username%22%3A%22tamar.antin%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Ftamar.antin%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barbeau%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-03-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarbeau%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Burda%2C%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Siegel%2C%20M.%20%282013%29.%20Perceived%20efficacy%20of%20e-cigarettes%20versus%20nicotine%20replacement%20therapy%20among%20successful%20e-cigarette%20users%3A%20a%20qualitative%20approach.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAddiction%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Clinical%20Practice%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B8%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%205.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F1940-0640-8-5%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F1940-0640-8-5%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBEF543AZ%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Perceived%20efficacy%20of%20e-cigarettes%20versus%20nicotine%20replacement%20therapy%20among%20successful%20e-cigarette%20users%3A%20a%20qualitative%20approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amanda%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barbeau%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burda%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Siegel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Nicotine%20is%20widely%20recognized%20as%20an%20addictive%20psychoactive%20drug.%20Since%20most%20smokers%20are%20bio-behaviorally%20addicted%2C%20quitting%20can%20be%20very%20difficult%20and%20is%20often%20accompanied%20by%20withdrawal%20symptoms.%20Research%20indicates%20that%20nicotine%20replacement%20therapy%20%28NRT%29%20can%20double%20quit%20rates.%20However%2C%20the%20success%20rate%20for%20quitting%20remains%20low.%20E-cigarettes%20%28electronic%20cigarettes%29%20are%20battery-powered%20nicotine%20delivery%20devices%20used%20to%20inhale%20doses%20of%20vaporized%20nicotine%20from%20a%20handheld%20device%20similar%20in%20shape%20to%20a%20cigarette%20without%20the%20harmful%20chemicals%20present%20in%20tobacco%20products.%20Anecdotal%20evidence%20strongly%20suggests%20that%20e-cigarettes%20may%20be%20effective%20in%20helping%20smokers%20quit%20and%20preventing%20relapse%2C%20but%20there%20have%20been%20few%20published%20qualitative%20studies%2C%20especially%20among%20successful%20e-cigarette%20users%2C%20to%20support%20this%20evidence.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Qualitative%20design%20using%20focus%20groups%20%28N%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu200911%29%3B%209%20men%20and%202%20women.%20Focus%20groups%20were%20conducted%20by%20posing%20open-ended%20questions%20relating%20to%20the%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%2C%20comparison%20of%20effectiveness%20between%20NRTs%20and%20e-cigarettes%2C%20barriers%20to%20quitting%2C%20and%20reasons%20for%20choosing%20e-cigarettes%20over%20other%20methods.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Five%20themes%20emerged%20that%20describe%20users%26%23039%3B%20perceptions%20of%20why%20e-cigarettes%20are%20efficacious%20in%20quitting%20smoking%3A%201%29%20bio-behavioral%20feedback%2C%202%29%20social%20benefits%2C%203%29%20hobby%20elements%2C%204%29%20personal%20identity%2C%20and%205%29%20distinction%20between%20smoking%20cessation%20and%20nicotine%20cessation.%20Additionally%2C%20subjects%20reported%20their%20experiences%20with%20NRTs%20compared%20with%20e-cigarettes%2C%20citing%20negative%20side%20effects%20of%20NRTs%20and%20their%20ineffectiveness%20at%20preventing%20relapse.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20These%20findings%20suggest%20tobacco%20control%20practitioners%20must%20pay%20increased%20attention%20to%20the%20importance%20of%20the%20behavioral%20and%20social%20components%20of%20smoking%20addiction.%20By%20addressing%20these%20components%20in%20addition%20to%20nicotine%20dependence%2C%20e-cigarettes%20appear%20to%20help%20some%20tobacco%20smokers%20transition%20to%20a%20less%20harmful%20replacement%20tool%2C%20thereby%20maintaining%20cigarette%20abstinence.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Mar%2005%2C%202013%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2F1940-0640-8-5%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%2223497603%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22PMC3599549%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221940-0640%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%2C%229PWKD8Z4%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LS2VUMTA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barnett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-11-17%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarnett%2C%20J.%2C%20Legge%20Muilenburg%2C%20J.%2C%20Johnson%2C%20C.%2C%20Hou%2C%20S.-I.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Davis%2C%20M.%20%282014%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSuccessful%20smoking%20cessation%3A%20Does%20quitting%20for%20good%20mean%20sacrificing%20LGBTQ%20identity%3F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLS2VUMTA%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Successful%20smoking%20cessation%3A%20Does%20quitting%20for%20good%20mean%20sacrificing%20LGBTQ%20identity%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Legge%20Muilenburg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Corey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Su-I%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marsha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Given%20the%20rate%20of%20smoking%20in%20the%20Lesbian%2C%20Gay%2C%20Bisexual%2C%20Transgender%2C%20and%20Queer%20%28LGBTQ%29%20population%20is%20two%20times%20higher%20than%20in%20the%20general%20population%2C%20smoking%20cessation%20has%20become%20a%20major%20public%20health%20issue.%20Existing%20research%20supports%20the%20notion%20that%20LGBTQ%20identity%20is%20a%20risk%20factor%20for%20adopting%20smoking%2C%20but%20there%20is%20a%20lack%20of%20information%20about%20how%20%28and%20if%29%20LGBTQ%20identity%20and%20social%20context%20are%20involved%20in%20quitting%20smoking.%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20study%20is%20to%20analyze%20successful%20smoking%20cessation%20among%20LGBTQ%20individuals%20and%20the%20importance%20of%20LGBTQ%20identity%20when%20quitting.%20%5Cn%5CnThis%20study%20is%20guided%20by%20the%20Social%20Ecological%20Model%2C%20components%20of%20Social%20Cognitive%20Theory%2C%20and%20the%20Transtheoretical%20Model.%20Researchers%20employed%20a%20sequential%20exploratory%20design%20involving%20in-depth%20interviews%20with%20nine%20LGBTQ%20individuals%20in%20Georgia%20who%20had%20successfully%20quit%20smoking%20%28and%20stayed%20quit%29.%20Researchers%20then%20created%20a%20survey%20informed%20by%20qualitative%20interview%20findings%2C%20disseminated%20the%20survey%20online%20and%20with%20the%20help%20of%20LGBTQ%20community%20centers%20nationwide%2C%20and%20performed%20descriptive%20analyses%20of%2067%20survey%20responses.%20Interview%20and%20survey%20findings%20reveal%20that%20LGBTQ%20identity%20is%20not%20heavily%20tied%20to%20quitting%2C%20nor%20does%20it%20seem%20to%20influence%20the%20quitting%20process.%20In%20the%20end%2C%20the%20challenges%20present%20when%20quitting%20smoking%20seem%20to%20be%20unique%20to%20quitting%20smoking%20%5Cu2014%20not%20to%20LGBTQ%20identity%20or%20fear%20of%20losing%20LGBTQ%20identity.%20This%20finding%2C%20along%20with%20results%20about%20successful%20quitting%20methods%2C%20has%20major%20implications%20for%20how%20smoking%20cessation%20is%20approached%20within%20the%20LGBTQ%20community.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22November%2017%2C%202014%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22Q8SDUVDX%22%2C%22QKIJ22JL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QUXK77J4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barnett%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-08-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarnett%2C%20T.%20E.%2C%20Soule%2C%20E.%20K.%2C%20Forrest%2C%20J.%20R.%2C%20Porter%2C%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Tomar%2C%20S.%20L.%20%282015%29.%20Adolescent%20Electronic%20Cigarette%20Use%3A%20Associations%20With%20Conventional%20Cigarette%20and%20Hookah%20Smoking.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20Journal%20of%20Preventive%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B49%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20199%26%23×2013%3B206.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2015.02.013%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2015.02.013%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQUXK77J4%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Adolescent%20Electronic%20Cigarette%20Use%3A%20Associations%20With%20Conventional%20Cigarette%20and%20Hookah%20Smoking%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tracey%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnett%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Soule%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jamie%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Forrest%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Scott%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tomar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20emerging%20trends%20and%20rapid%20growth%20of%20electronic%20cigarettes%20%28e-cigarettes%29%20among%20adolescents%20are%20being%20monitored%20closely.%20The%20trends%20are%20critical%20as%20policy%20to%20prevent%20uptake%20among%20adolescents%20is%20considered.%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20study%20is%20to%20describe%20the%20prevalence%20of%20e-cigarette%20use%20and%20potential%20correlates%20for%20use.%20Associations%20between%20e-cigarettes%2C%20cigarettes%2C%20and%20hookah%20are%20assessed.%20This%20study%20used%20data%20from%20the%202013%20Florida%20Youth%20Tobacco%20Survey.%20Prevalence%20estimates%20were%20calculated%20in%202014%20and%20differences%20were%20determined%20based%20on%20CIs.%20Adjusted%20logistic%20regression%20models%20were%20used%20to%20identify%20correlates%20of%20e-cigarette%20use%20among%20participants%20based%20on%20demographic%20and%20other%20tobacco%20products%20used.%20There%20were%20no%20sex%20differences%20in%20middle%20school%2C%20whereas%20male%20high%20school%20students%20reported%20higher%20use%20than%20their%20female%20counterparts.%20Cigarette%20smoking%20and%20hookah%20use%20were%20significantly%20associated%20with%20ever%20and%20current%20e-cigarette%20use%20among%20both%20middle%20and%20high%20school%20students.%20Although%20e-cigarettes%20are%20being%20assessed%20as%20a%20potential%20replacement%20product%20for%20traditional%20tobacco%2C%20evidence%20from%20this%20study%20indicates%20the%20possibility%20of%20multiple%20product%20use%20among%20adolescents.%20E-cigarettes%20are%20not%20only%20associated%20with%20traditional%20cigarettes%2C%20but%20also%20with%20hookahs%2C%20a%20similar%20emerging%20product%20that%20offer%20tobacco%20flavors%20that%20may%20appeal%20to%20adolescents.%20Notably%2C%20many%20e-cigarette%20users%20also%20reported%20no%20cigarette%20or%20hookah%20use.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%201%2C%202015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.amepre.2015.02.013%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS074937971500077X%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220749-3797%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U2I6CWGM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barrington-Trimis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarrington-Trimis%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Urman%2C%20R.%2C%20Berhane%2C%20K.%2C%20Unger%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Cruz%2C%20T.%20B.%2C%20Pentz%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Samet%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20Leventhal%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McConnell%2C%20R.%20%282016%29.%20E-Cigarettes%20and%20Future%20Cigarette%20Use.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPediatrics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B138%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2016-0379%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2016-0379%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DU2I6CWGM%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22E-Cigarettes%20and%20Future%20Cigarette%20Use%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrington-Trimis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Urman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kiros%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berhane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Unger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tess%20Boley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cruz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%20Ann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pentz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Samet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leventhal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McConnell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20There%20has%20been%20little%20research%20examining%20whether%20e-cigarette%20use%20increases%20the%20risk%20of%20cigarette%20initiation%20among%20adolescents%20in%20the%20transition%20to%20adulthood%20when%20the%20sale%20of%20cigarettes%20becomes%20legal.METHODS%3A%20The%20Children%5Cu2019s%20Health%20Study%20is%20a%20prospectively%20followed%20cohort%20in%20Southern%20California.%20Data%20on%20e-cigarette%20use%20were%20collected%20in%2011th%20and%2012th%20grade%20%28mean%20age%20%3D%2017.4%29%3B%20follow-up%20data%20on%20tobacco%20product%20use%20were%20collected%20an%20average%20of%2016%20months%20later%20from%20never-smoking%20e-cigarette%20users%20at%20initial%20evaluation%20%28n%20%3D%20146%29%20and%20from%20a%20sample%20of%20never-smoking%2C%20never%20e-cigarette%20users%20%28n%20%3D%20152%29%20frequency%20matched%20to%20e-cigarette%20users%20on%20gender%2C%20ethnicity%2C%20and%20grade.RESULTS%3A%20Cigarette%20initiation%20during%20follow-up%20was%20reported%20by%2040.4%25%20of%20e-cigarette%20users%20%28n%20%3D%2059%29%20and%2010.5%25%20of%20never%20users%20%28n%20%3D%2016%29.%20E-cigarette%20users%20had%206.17%20times%20%2895%25%20confidence%20interval%3A%203.30%5Cu201311.6%29%20the%20odds%20of%20initiating%20cigarettes%20as%20never%20e-cigarette%20users.%20Results%20were%20robust%20to%20adjustment%20for%20potential%20confounders%20and%20in%20analyses%20restricted%20to%20never%20users%20of%20any%20combustible%20tobacco%20product.%20Associations%20were%20stronger%20in%20adolescents%20with%20no%20intention%20of%20smoking%20at%20initial%20evaluation.%20E-cigarette%20users%20were%20also%20more%20likely%20to%20initiate%20use%20of%20any%20combustible%20product%20%28odds%20ratio%20%3D%204.98%3B%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%3A%202.37%5Cu201310.4%29%2C%20including%20hookah%2C%20cigars%2C%20or%20pipes.CONCLUSIONS%3A%20E-cigarette%20use%20in%20never-smoking%20youth%20may%20increase%20risk%20of%20subsequent%20initiation%20of%20cigarettes%20and%20other%20combustible%20products%20during%20the%20transition%20to%20adulthood%20when%20the%20purchase%20of%20tobacco%20products%20becomes%20legal.%20Stronger%20associations%20in%20participants%20with%20no%20intention%20of%20smoking%20suggests%20that%20e-cigarette%20use%20was%20not%20simply%20a%20marker%20for%20individuals%20who%20would%20have%20gone%20on%20to%20smoke%20regardless%20of%20e-cigarette%20use.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%201%2C%202016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2016-0379%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpediatrics.aappublications.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F138%5C%2F1%5C%2Fe20160379.abstract%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VI9F3VMM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barrington-Trimis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarrington-Trimis%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Berhane%2C%20K.%2C%20Unger%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Cruz%2C%20T.%20B.%2C%20Huh%2C%20J.%2C%20Leventhal%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Urman%2C%20R.%2C%20Wang%2C%20K.%2C%20Howland%2C%20S.%2C%20Gilreath%2C%20T.%20D.%2C%20Chou%2C%20C.-P.%2C%20Pentz%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McConnell%2C%20R.%20%282015%29.%20Psychosocial%20Factors%20Associated%20With%20Adolescent%20Electronic%20Cigarette%20and%20Cigarette%20Use.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPediatrics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B136%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20308%26%23×2013%3B317.%20mdc%20%2826216326%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2015-0639%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2015-0639%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVI9F3VMM%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Psychosocial%20Factors%20Associated%20With%20Adolescent%20Electronic%20Cigarette%20and%20Cigarette%20Use.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrington-Trimis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kiros%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berhane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Unger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tess%20Boley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cruz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jimi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leventhal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Urman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kejia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Howland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamika%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gilreath%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chih-Ping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%20Ann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pentz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McConnell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20Use%20of%20electronic%20cigarettes%20%28e-cigarettes%29%20among%20adolescents%20has%20increased%20since%20their%20introduction%20into%20the%20US%20market%20in%202007.%20Little%20is%20known%20about%20the%20role%20of%20e-cigarette%20psychosocial%20factors%20on%20risk%20of%20e-cigarette%20or%20cigarette%20use%20in%20adolescence.%3B%20Methods%3A%20Information%20on%20e-cigarette%20and%20cigarette%20psychosocial%20factors%20%28use%20and%20attitudes%20about%20use%20in%20the%20home%20and%20among%20friends%29%20was%20collected%20from%2011th-%20and%2012th-grade%20participants%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Children%26%23039%3Bs%20Health%20Study%20during%20the%20spring%20of%202014.%3B%20Results%3A%20Of%202084%20participants%2C%20499%20%2824.0%25%29%20had%20used%20an%20e-cigarette%2C%20including%20200%20%289.6%25%29%20current%20users%20%28past%2030%20days%29%3B%20390%20participants%20%2818.7%25%29%20had%20smoked%20a%20combustible%20cigarette%2C%20and%20119%20%285.7%25%29%20were%20current%20cigarette%20smokers.%20Cigarette%20and%20e-cigarette%20use%20were%20correlated.%20Nevertheless%2C%2040.5%25%20%28n%20%3D%2081%29%20of%20current%20e-cigarette%20users%20had%20never%20smoked%20a%20cigarette.%20Psychosocial%20factors%20%28home%20use%20of%20each%20product%2C%20friends%26%23039%3B%20use%20of%20and%20positive%20attitudes%20toward%20e-cigarettes%20and%20cigarettes%29%20and%20participant%20perception%20of%20the%20harm%20of%20e-cigarettes%20were%20strongly%20positively%20associated%20both%20with%20e-cigarette%20and%20cigarette%20use.%20Most%20youth%20who%20reported%20e-cigarette%20use%20had%20friends%20who%20used%20e-cigarettes%2C%20and%20almost%20half%20of%20current%20users%20reported%20that%20they%20did%20not%20believe%20there%20were%20health%20risks%20associated%20with%20e-cigarette%20use.%3B%20Conclusions%3A%20Longitudinal%20studies%20of%20adolescents%20are%20needed%20to%20determine%20whether%20the%20strong%20association%20of%20e-cigarette%20psychosocial%20factors%20with%20both%20e-cigarette%20and%20cigarette%20use%20will%20lead%20to%20increased%20cigarette%20use%20or%20dual%20use%20of%20cigarettes%20and%20e-cigarettes%2C%20or%20whether%20e-cigarettes%20will%20serve%20as%20a%20gateway%20to%20cigarette%20use.%3B%20Copyright%20%5Cu00a9%202015%20by%20the%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%202015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2015-0639%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dmdc%26AN%3D26216326%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221098-4275%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VAGS4ET4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barrington-Trimis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarrington-Trimis%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Berhane%2C%20K.%2C%20Unger%2C%20J.%20B.%2C%20Cruz%2C%20T.%20B.%2C%20Urman%2C%20R.%2C%20Chou%2C%20C.%20P.%2C%20Howland%2C%20S.%2C%20Wang%2C%20K.%2C%20Pentz%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Gilreath%2C%20T.%20D.%2C%20Huh%2C%20J.%2C%20Leventhal%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Samet%2C%20J.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McConnell%2C%20R.%20%282016%29.%20The%20E-cigarette%20Social%20Environment%2C%20E-cigarette%20Use%2C%20and%20Susceptibility%20to%20Cigarette%20Smoking.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Journal%20Of%20Adolescent%20Health%3A%20Official%20Publication%20Of%20The%20Society%20For%20Adolescent%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B59%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%2075%26%23×2013%3B80.%20mdc%20%2827161417%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2016.03.019%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2016.03.019%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVAGS4ET4%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20E-cigarette%20Social%20Environment%2C%20E-cigarette%20Use%2C%20and%20Susceptibility%20to%20Cigarette%20Smoking.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessica%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barrington-Trimis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kiros%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berhane%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Unger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tess%20Boley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cruz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Urman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chih%20Ping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Steve%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Howland%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kejia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%20Ann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pentz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tamika%20D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gilreath%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jimi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adam%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leventhal%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Samet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rob%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McConnell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Purpose%3A%20One%20concern%20regarding%20the%20recent%20increase%20in%20adolescent%20e-cigarette%20use%20is%20the%20possibility%20that%20electronic%20%28e-%29%20cigarettes%20may%20be%20used%20by%20those%20who%20might%20not%20otherwise%20have%20used%20cigarettes%2C%20and%20that%20dual%20use%2C%20or%20transition%20to%20cigarette%20use%20alone%2C%20may%20follow.%3B%20Methods%3A%20Questionnaire%20data%20were%20obtained%20in%202014%20from%2011th%5C%2F12th%20grade%20students%20attending%20schools%20in%2012%20communities%20included%20in%20the%20Southern%20California%20Children%26%23039%3Bs%20Health%20Study.%20We%20evaluated%20the%20cross-sectional%20association%20between%20e-cigarette%20use%2C%20the%20social%20environment%20%28family%20and%20friends%26%23039%3B%20use%20and%20approval%20of%20e-cigarettes%20and%20cigarettes%29%2C%20and%20susceptibility%20to%20future%20cigarette%20use%20among%20never%20cigarette%20smokers%20%28N%5Cu00a0%3D%201%2C694%29%2C%20using%20previously%20validated%20measures%20based%20on%20reported%20absence%20of%20a%20definitive%20commitment%20not%20to%20smoke.%3B%20Results%3A%20Among%20adolescents%20who%20had%20never%20used%20cigarettes%2C%2031.8%25%20of%20past%20e-cigarette%20users%20and%2034.6%25%20of%20current%20%28past%2030-day%29%20e-cigarette%20users%20indicated%20susceptibility%20to%20cigarette%20use%2C%20compared%20with%2021.0%25%20of%20never%20e-cigarette%20users.%20The%20odds%20of%20indicating%20susceptibility%20to%20cigarette%20use%20were%20two%20times%20higher%20for%20current%20e-cigarette%20users%20compared%20with%20never%20users%20%28odds%20ratio%5Cu00a0%3D%201.97%3B%2095%25%20confidence%20interval%3A%201.21-3.22%29.%20A%20social%20environment%20favorable%20to%20e-cigarettes%20%28friends%26%23039%3B%20use%20of%20and%20positive%20attitudes%20toward%20the%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%29%20was%20also%20associated%20with%20greater%20likelihood%20of%20susceptibility%20to%20cigarette%20use%2C%20independent%20of%20an%20individual%26%23039%3Bs%20e-cigarette%20use.%3B%20Conclusions%3A%20E-cigarette%20use%20in%20adolescence%2C%20and%20a%20pro-e-cigarette%20social%20environment%2C%20may%20put%20adolescents%20at%20risk%20for%20future%20use%20of%20cigarettes.%20E-cigarettes%20may%20contribute%20to%20subsequent%20cigarette%20use%20via%20nicotine%20addiction%20or%20social%20normalization%20of%20smoking%20behaviors.%3B%20Copyright%20%5Cu00a9%202016%20Society%20for%20Adolescent%20Health%20and%20Medicine.%20Published%20by%20Elsevier%20Inc.%20All%20rights%20reserved.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%202016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2016.03.019%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dmdc%26AN%3D27161417%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221879-1972%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IU9WFQEM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baskerville%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBaskerville%2C%20N.%20B.%2C%20Shuh%2C%20A.%2C%20Wong-Francq%2C%20K.%2C%20Dash%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Abramowicz%2C%20A.%20%282017%29.%20LGBTQ%20youth%20and%20young%20adult%20perspectives%20on%20a%20culturally%20tailored%20group%20smoking%20cessation%20program.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNicotine%20%26amp%3B%20Tobacco%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B19%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%288%29%2C%20960%26%23×2013%3B967.%20psyh%20%282017-30464-010%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntx011%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntx011%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIU9WFQEM%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22LGBTQ%20youth%20and%20young%20adult%20perspectives%20on%20a%20culturally%20tailored%20group%20smoking%20cessation%20program.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neill%20Bruce%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baskerville%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alanna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shuh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wong-Francq%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darly%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dash%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aneta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abramowicz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Introduction%3A%20The%20prevalence%20of%20smoking%20among%20LGBTQ%20youth%20and%20young%20adults%20%28YYAs%29%20is%20much%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20non-LGBTQ%20young%20people.%20The%20current%20study%20explored%20LGBTQ%20YYA%20perceptions%20of%20a%20culturally%20tailored%20group%20smoking%20cessation%20counselling%20program%2C%20along%20with%20how%20the%20intervention%20could%20be%20improved.%20Methods%3A%20We%20conducted%20focus%20groups%20%28n%20%3D%2024%29%20with%20204%20LGBTQ%20YYAs%20in%20Toronto%20and%20Ottawa%2C%20Canada.%20Open-ended%20questions%20focused%20on%20their%20feelings%2C%20likes%20and%20dislikes%2C%20concerns%20and%20additional%20ideas%20for%20a%20culturally%20tailored%20group%20cessation%20counselling%20intervention.%20Focus%20group%20transcripts%20were%20coded%20thematically%20and%20analyzed.%20Results%3A%20Overall%2C%20YYAs%20were%20ambivalent%20towards%20the%20concept%20of%20a%20culturally%20tailored%2C%20group%20cessation%20counselling%20program.%20Although%20several%20participants%20were%20attracted%20to%20the%20LGBTQ%20friendly%20and%20social%20benefits%20of%20such%20a%20program%20%28eg%2C%20good%20support%20system%29%2C%20many%20also%20had%20concerns.%20Particularly%2C%20the%20possibility%20that%20other%20group%20members%20might%20trigger%20them%20to%20smoke%20was%20a%20frequently%20stated%20issue.%20Focus%20group%20members%20also%20noted%20lack%20of%20motivation%20to%20attend%20the%20group%2C%20and%20that%20the%20group%20program%20may%20be%20inaccessible%20depending%20on%20where%20and%20when%20the%20program%20was%20offered.%20Several%20suggestions%20were%20made%20as%20to%20how%20to%20ameliorate%20the%20expressed%20issues%20related%20to%20inaccessibility%20or%20lack%20of%20attractiveness.%20Conclusions%3A%20This%20study%20is%20among%20the%20first%20to%20gain%20the%20perspectives%20of%20LGBTQ%20YYAs%20on%20culturally%20tailored%20group%20cessation%20strategies%20in%20Canada.%20We%20identified%20components%20of%20group%20cessation%20programs%20that%20are%20both%20favored%20and%20not%20favored%20among%20LGBTQ%20YYAs%2C%20as%20well%20as%20suggestions%20as%20to%20how%20to%20make%20group%20cessation%20programs%20more%20appealing.%20Implications%3A%20This%20study%20is%20particularly%20relevant%20as%20smoking%20cessation%20programs%20are%20one%20of%20the%20most%20commonly%20offered%20and%20published%20cessation%20interventions%20for%20the%20LGBTQ%20community%2C%20yet%20little%20is%20understood%20in%20terms%20of%20preferences%20of%20LGBTQ%20YYA%20smokers.%20Given%20the%20disparity%20in%20the%20prevalence%20of%20smoking%20among%20LGBTQ%20young%20people%20compared%20to%20their%20non-LGBTQ%20peers%2C%20research%20on%20effective%20intervention%20strategies%20for%20this%20population%20is%20needed.%20Findings%20from%20this%20study%20can%20assist%20practitioners%20and%20researchers%20in%20designing%20interventions.%20%28PsycINFO%20Database%20Record%20%28c%29%202017%20APA%2C%20all%20rights%20reserved%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%202017%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntx011%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dpsyh%26AN%3D2017-30464-010%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221462-2203%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22Q8SDUVDX%22%2C%22QKIJ22JL%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224XTZJ7F9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bates%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBates%2C%20C.%20%28n.d.%29.%20Cease%20and%20desist%3A%20making%20false%20claims%20about%20the%20gateway%20effect.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Counterfactual%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Retrieved%20April%2012%2C%202016%2C%20from%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.clivebates.com%5C%2F%3Fp%3D2053%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.clivebates.com%5C%2F%3Fp%3D2053%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4XTZJ7F9%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cease%20and%20desist%3A%20making%20false%20claims%20about%20the%20gateway%20effect%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Clive%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bates%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22The%20Counterfactual%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.clivebates.com%5C%2F%3Fp%3D2053%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KCFBG2UA%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T02%3A41%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224NRMAWM3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bauld%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBauld%2C%20L.%20%282012%29.%20Commentary%20on%20Wagener%20et%20al.%282012%29%3A%20E-cigarettes%3A%20room%20for%20cautious%20optimism.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAddiction%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B107%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%289%29%2C%201549%26%23×2013%3B1550.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1360-0443.2012.03904.x%5C%2Ffull%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1360-0443.2012.03904.x%5C%2Ffull%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4NRMAWM3%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Commentary%20on%20Wagener%20et%20al.%282012%29%3A%20E-cigarettes%3A%20room%20for%20cautious%20optimism%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Linda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauld%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1360-0443.2012.03904.x%5C%2Ffull%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22KTF6VKUV%22%2C%22V484WPB3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-06-02T01%3A05%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PZ9YEZNF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bauld%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBauld%2C%20L.%2C%20MacKintosh%2C%20A.%20M.%2C%20Ford%2C%20A.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20McNeill%2C%20A.%20%282016%29.%20E-Cigarette%20Uptake%20Amongst%20UK%20Youth%3A%20Experimentation%2C%20but%20Little%20or%20No%20Regular%20Use%20in%20Nonsmokers.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNicotine%20%26amp%3B%20Tobacco%20Research%3A%20Official%20Journal%20Of%20The%20Society%20For%20Research%20On%20Nicotine%20And%20Tobacco%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B18%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%20102%26%23×2013%3B103.%20mdc%20%2826250882%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntv132%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntv132%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPZ9YEZNF%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22E-Cigarette%20Uptake%20Amongst%20UK%20Youth%3A%20Experimentation%2C%20but%20Little%20or%20No%20Regular%20Use%20in%20Nonsmokers.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Linda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bauld%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anne%20Marie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22MacKintosh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Allison%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ford%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ann%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McNeill%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%202016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Fntr%5C%2Fntv132%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dmdc%26AN%3D26250882%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221469-994X%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C69K7THK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A194967%2C%22username%22%3A%22tamar.antin%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Ftamar.antin%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Behar%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-04-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBehar%2C%20R.%20Z.%2C%20Wang%2C%20Y.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Talbot%2C%20P.%20%282018%29.%20Comparing%20the%20cytotoxicity%20of%20electronic%20cigarette%20fluids%2C%20aerosols%20and%20solvents.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BTobacco%20Control%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20tobaccocontrol-2016-053472.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol-2016-053472%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol-2016-053472%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DC69K7THK%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparing%20the%20cytotoxicity%20of%20electronic%20cigarette%20fluids%2C%20aerosols%20and%20solvents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20Z.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Behar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yuhuan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Prue%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Talbot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%20As%20thousands%20of%20electronic%20cigarette%20%28e-cigarette%29%20refill%20fluids%20continue%20to%20be%20formulated%20and%20distributed%2C%20there%20is%20a%20growing%20need%20to%20understand%20the%20cytotoxicity%20of%20the%20flavouring%20chemicals%20and%20solvents%20used%20in%20these%20products%20to%20ensure%20they%20are%20safe.%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20compare%20the%20cytotoxicity%20of%20e-cigarette%20refill%20fluids%5C%2Fsolvents%20and%20their%20corresponding%20aerosols%20using%20in%20vitro%20cultured%20cells.%5CnMethods%20E-cigarette%20refill%20fluids%20and%20do-it-yourself%20products%20were%20screened%20in%20liquid%20and%20aerosol%20form%20for%20cytotoxicity%20using%20the%20MTT%20%283-%284%2C5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl%29%5Cu22122%2C5-diphenyltetrazolium%20bromide%29%20assay.%20The%20sensitivity%20of%20human%20pulmonary%20fibroblasts%2C%20lung%20epithelial%20cells%20%28A549%29%20and%20human%20embryonic%20stem%20cells%20to%20liquids%20and%20aerosols%20was%20compared.%20Aerosols%20were%20produced%20using%20Johnson%20Creek%5Cu2019s%20Vea%20cartomizer%20style%20e-cigarette.%5CnResults%20A%20hierarchy%20of%20potency%20was%20established%20for%20the%20aerosolised%20products.%20Our%20data%20show%20that%20%281%29%20e-cigarette%20aerosols%20can%20produce%20cytotoxic%20effects%20in%20cultured%20cells%2C%20%282%29%20four%20patterns%20of%20cytotoxicity%20were%20found%20when%20comparing%20refill%20fluids%20and%20their%20corresponding%20aerosols%2C%20%283%29%20fluids%20accurately%20predicted%20aerosol%20cytotoxicity%2074%25%20of%20the%20time%2C%20%284%29%20stem%20cells%20were%20often%20more%20sensitive%20to%20aerosols%20than%20differentiated%20cells%20and%20%285%29%2091%25%20of%20the%20aerosols%20made%20from%20refill%20fluids%20containing%20only%20glycerin%20were%20cytotoxic%2C%20even%20when%20produced%20at%20a%20low%20voltage.%5CnConclusions%20Our%20data%20show%20that%20various%20flavours%5C%2Fbrands%20of%20e-cigarette%20refill%20fluids%20and%20their%20aerosols%20are%20cytotoxic%20and%20demonstrate%20the%20need%20for%20further%20evaluation%20of%20e-cigarette%20products%20to%20better%20understand%20their%20potential%20health%20effects.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F04%5C%2F10%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol-2016-053472%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fearly%5C%2F2018%5C%2F04%5C%2F10%5C%2Ftobaccocontrol-2016-053472%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%2228596276%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220964-4563%2C%201468-3318%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%229FHGJE98%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T02%3A13%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q9VI9ZVL%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bell%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBell%2C%20K.%20%282013%29.%20Tobacco%20control%2C%20harm%20reduction%20and%20the%20problem%20of%20pleasure.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BDrugs%20and%20Alcohol%20Today%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B13%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20111%26%23×2013%3B118.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1108%5C%2FDAT-03-2013-0013%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1108%5C%2FDAT-03-2013-0013%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQ9VI9ZVL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tobacco%20control%2C%20harm%20reduction%20and%20the%20problem%20of%20pleasure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kirsten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Purpose%20-%20This%20article%20examines%20the%20relationship%20between%20tobacco%20control%20and%20tobacco%20harm%20reduction%2C%20illuminating%20the%20differences%20and%20similarities%20between%20them.%20Design%5C%2Fmethodology%5C%2Fapproach%20-%20Drawing%20on%20published%20sources%2C%20the%20author%20conducts%20a%20critical%20analysis%20of%20the%20prevailing%20discourses%20on%20tobacco%20control%20and%20tobacco%20harm%20reduction.%20Findings%20-%20Although%20tobacco%20control%20and%20tobacco%20harm%20reduction%20differ%20in%20their%20views%20on%20the%20resolutions%20to%20the%20tobacco%20%26quot%3Bproblem%26quot%3B%2C%20they%20manifest%20similar%20underlying%20assumptions%20about%20the%20nature%20of%20%26quot%3Bthe%20smoker%26quot%3B%20and%20are%20equally%20silent%20on%20the%20topic%20of%20pleasure.%20Originality%5C%2Fvalue%20-%20This%20article%20emphasises%20the%20need%20for%20tobacco%20harm%20reduction%20to%20take%20pleasure%20seriously%20and%20highlights%20the%20limitations%20of%20approaches%20focused%20exclusively%20on%20risk%20and%20harm%20reduction.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1108%5C%2FDAT-03-2013-0013%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flibproxy.library.unt.edu%3A2095%5C%2Fdocview%5C%2F1370348262%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2217459265%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A43%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NGKH8GQE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bell%20and%20Keane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A4%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBell%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Keane%2C%20H.%20%282012%29.%20Nicotine%20control%3A%20E-cigarettes%2C%20smoking%20and%20addiction.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInternational%20Journal%20of%20Drug%20Policy%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B23%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%283%29%2C%20242%26%23×2013%3B247.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.drugpo.2012.01.006%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.drugpo.2012.01.006%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DNGKH8GQE%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nicotine%20control%3A%20E-cigarettes%2C%20smoking%20and%20addiction%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kirsten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%5CnOver%20the%20past%20year%20or%20so%2C%20electronic%20cigarettes%2C%20more%20commonly%20known%20as%20%5Cu2018e-cigarettes%5Cu2019%2C%20have%20achieved%20widespread%20visibility%20and%20growing%20popularity.%20These%20products%2C%20which%20deliver%20nicotine%20via%20an%20inhaled%20mist%2C%20have%20caused%20no%20small%20amount%20of%20controversy%20in%20public%20health%20circles%2C%20and%20their%20rise%20has%20been%20accompanied%20by%20energetic%20debate%20about%20their%20potential%20harms%20and%20benefits.%5CnMethods%5CnInterspersed%20with%20an%20analysis%20of%20current%20media%20coverage%20on%20e-cigarettes%20and%20the%20response%20of%20mainstream%20tobacco%20control%20and%20public%20health%20to%20these%20devices%2C%20this%20article%20examines%20the%20emergence%20of%20nicotine%20as%20both%20as%20an%20%5Cu2018addiction%5Cu2019%20and%20a%20treatment%20for%20addiction.%5CnResults%5CnWe%20argue%20that%20by%20delivering%20nicotine%20in%20way%20that%20resembles%20the%20visual%20spectacle%20and%20bodily%20pleasures%20of%20smoking%2C%20but%20without%20the%20harms%20of%20combustible%20tobacco%2C%20e-cigarettes%20highlight%20the%20complex%20status%20of%20nicotine%20as%20both%20a%20poison%20and%20remedy%20in%20contemporary%20public%20health%20and%20tobacco%20control.%5CnConclusion%5CnIn%20consequence%2C%20e-cigarettes%20jeopardize%20the%20carefully%20drawn%20distinctions%20between%20%5Cu2018good%5Cu2019%20and%20%5Cu2018bad%5Cu2019%20forms%20of%20nicotine.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%202012%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.drugpo.2012.01.006%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0955395912000072%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220955-3959%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZRP8IDK4%22%2C%22MNFMQQVT%22%2C%2242BVNSBG%22%2C%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A49%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UXFXRTB9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bell%20and%20Keane%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-10-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBell%2C%20K.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Keane%2C%20H.%20%282014%29.%20All%20gates%20lead%20to%20smoking%3A%20The%20%26%23×2018%3Bgateway%20theory%26%23×2019%3B%2C%20e-cigarettes%20and%20the%20remaking%20of%20nicotine.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSocial%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B119%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2045%26%23×2013%3B52.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.socscimed.2014.08.016%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.socscimed.2014.08.016%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DUXFXRTB9%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22All%20gates%20lead%20to%20smoking%3A%20The%20%5Cu2018gateway%20theory%5Cu2019%2C%20e-cigarettes%20and%20the%20remaking%20of%20nicotine%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kirsten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Helen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Keane%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20idea%20that%20drug%20use%20in%20%5Cu2018softer%5Cu2019%20forms%20leads%20to%20%5Cu2018harder%5Cu2019%20drug%20use%20lies%20at%20the%20heart%20of%20the%20gateway%20theory%2C%20one%20of%20the%20most%20influential%20models%20of%20drug%20use%20of%20the%20twentieth%20century.%20Although%20hotly%20contested%2C%20the%20notion%20of%20the%20%5Cu2018gateway%20drug%5Cu2019%20continues%20to%20rear%20its%20head%20in%20discussions%20of%20drug%20use%5Cu2014most%20recently%20in%20the%20context%20of%20electronic%20cigarettes.%20Based%20on%20a%20critical%20reading%20of%20a%20range%20of%20texts%2C%20including%20scholarly%20literature%20and%20media%20reports%2C%20we%20explore%20the%20history%20and%20gestation%20of%20the%20gateway%20theory%2C%20highlighting%20the%20ways%20in%20which%20intersections%20between%20academic%2C%20media%20and%20popular%20accounts%20actively%20produced%20the%20concept.%20Arguing%20that%20the%20theory%20has%20been%20critical%20in%20maintaining%20the%20distinction%20between%20%5Cu2018soft%5Cu2019%20and%20%5Cu2018hard%5Cu2019%20drugs%2C%20we%20turn%20to%20its%20distinctive%20iteration%20in%20the%20context%20of%20debates%20about%20e-cigarettes.%20We%20show%20that%20the%20notion%20of%20the%20%5Cu2018gateway%5Cu2019%20has%20been%20transformed%20from%20a%20descriptive%20to%20a%20predictive%20model%2C%20one%20in%20which%20nicotine%20is%20constituted%20as%20simultaneously%20%5Cu2018soft%5Cu2019%20and%20%5Cu2018hard%5Cu2019%5Cu2014as%20both%20relatively%20innocuous%20and%20incontrovertibly%20harmful.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%5C%2F10%5C%2F1%5C%2FOctober%202014%5C%2F%5C%2F%5C%2F%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.socscimed.2014.08.016%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220277-9536%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A49%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2245B892C3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Benowitz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBenowitz%2C%20N.%20L.%20%282001%29.%20Compensatory%20smoking%20of%20low-yield%20cigarettes.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNational%20Cancer%20Institute.%20Risks%20Associated%20with%20Smoking%20Cigarettes%20with%20Low%20Machine%20Yields%20of%20Tar%20and%20Nicotine.%20Smoking%20and%20Tobacco%20Control%20Monograph%20No%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B13%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2039%26%23×2013%3B63.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcancercontrol.cancer.gov%5C%2FBrp%5C%2Ftcrb%5C%2Fmonographs%5C%2F13%5C%2Fm13_3.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcancercontrol.cancer.gov%5C%2FBrp%5C%2Ftcrb%5C%2Fmonographs%5C%2F13%5C%2Fm13_3.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D45B892C3%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Compensatory%20smoking%20of%20low-yield%20cigarettes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neal%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benowitz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcancercontrol.cancer.gov%5C%2FBrp%5C%2Ftcrb%5C%2Fmonographs%5C%2F13%5C%2Fm13_3.pdf%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228FBRMISE%22%2C%2242BVNSBG%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-06-08T07%3A22%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A9DH8X7W%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Benowitz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBenowitz%2C%20N.%20L.%20%282014%29.%20Emerging%20nicotine%20delivery%20products.%20Implications%20for%20public%20health.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAnnals%20of%20the%20American%20Thoracic%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B11%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20231%26%23×2013%3B235.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1513%5C%2FAnnalsATS.201312-433PS%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1513%5C%2FAnnalsATS.201312-433PS%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DA9DH8X7W%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Emerging%20nicotine%20delivery%20products.%20Implications%20for%20public%20health%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neal%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benowitz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20idea%20of%20clean%20nicotine%20delivery%20systems%20that%20would%20satisfy%20nicotine%20craving%20and%20promote%20smoking%20cessation%20has%20been%20considered%20as%20a%20possible%20public%20health%20tool%20for%20many%20years.%20Nicotine%20medications%20have%20been%20useful%20for%20smoking%20cessation%20but%20have%20not%20found%20widespread%20popularity%20among%20smokers%2C%20perhaps%20because%20of%20slow%20nicotine%20delivery%20and%20other%20sensory%20characteristics%20that%20differ%20from%20cigarettes.%20Traditional%20smokeless%20tobacco%20delivers%20as%20much%20nicotine%20as%20cigarettes%20and%20has%20been%20advocated%20for%20harm%20reduction%20but%20contains%20carcinogenic%20nitrosamines%20and%20has%20not%20been%20proven%20to%20promote%20cessation.%20Furthermore%2C%20there%20is%20concern%20that%20dual%20use%20of%20smokeless%20tobacco%20and%20cigarettes%20may%20inhibit%20quitting%20smoking.%20Newer%20oral%20dissolvable%20tobacco%20products%20contain%20lower%20levels%20of%20toxicants%20than%20other%20smokeless%20tobacco%20but%20also%20deliver%20much%20less%20nicotine%20and%20have%20not%20been%20popular%20with%20consumers.%20Electronic%20cigarettes%20that%20aerosolize%20nicotine%20without%20generating%20toxic%20tobacco%20combustion%20products%20have%20become%20quite%20popular%20and%20hold%20promise%20as%20a%20way%20to%20attract%20smokers%20away%20from%20cigarettes%2C%20although%20efficacy%20in%20promoting%20smoking%20cessation%20has%20not%20yet%20been%20demonstrated.%20There%20are%20concerns%20about%20safety%20of%20long-term%20use%2C%20and%20there%20is%20evidence%20that%20youth%2C%20including%20nonsmokers%2C%20are%20taking%20up%20e-cigarette%20use.%20E-cigarettes%20are%20marketed%20for%20use%20when%20one%20cannot%20smoke%20conventional%20cigarettes%2C%20and%20such%20use%20might%20result%20in%20more%20persistent%20cigarette%20smoking.%20Although%20their%20benefits%20and%20risks%20are%20being%20vigorously%20debated%2C%20e-cigarettes%20or%20other%20clean%20nicotine%20delivery%20devices%20could%20play%20an%20important%20role%20as%20an%20adjunct%20to%20a%20U.S.%20Food%20and%20Drug%20Administration%20regulatory%20intervention%20to%20make%20cigarettes%20less%20addictive%20and%20in%20this%20context%20could%20contribute%20to%20the%20end%20of%20cigarette%20smoking%20and%20smoking-induced%20disease.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%202014%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1513%5C%2FAnnalsATS.201312-433PS%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222325-6621%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZRP8IDK4%22%2C%22V484WPB3%22%2C%2242BVNSBG%22%2C%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A50%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CUPWKT98%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Benowitz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBenowitz%2C%20N.%20L.%20%282008%29.%20Neurobiology%20of%20Nicotine%20Addiction%3A%20Implications%20for%20Smoking%20Cessation%20Treatment.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20American%20Journal%20of%20Medicine%2C%20Update%20on%20Smoking%20Cessation%20Interventions%20for%20the%20Primary%20Care%20Physician%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B121%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%2C%20Supplement%29%2C%20S3%26%23×2013%3BS10.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amjmed.2008.01.015%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.amjmed.2008.01.015%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCUPWKT98%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Neurobiology%20of%20Nicotine%20Addiction%3A%20Implications%20for%20Smoking%20Cessation%20Treatment%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neal%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benowitz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Nicotine%20sustains%20addictive%20tobacco%20use%2C%20which%20in%20turn%20causes%20much%20premature%20disability%20and%20death.%20The%20essence%20of%20drug%20addiction%20is%20loss%20of%20control%20of%20drug%20use.%20Molecular%20biology%20studies%20suggest%20that%20the%20%5Cu03b14%5Cu03b22%20nicotinic%20acetylcholine%20receptor%20subtype%20is%20the%20main%20receptor%20mediating%20nicotine%20dependence.%20Nicotine%20acts%20on%20these%20brain%20nicotinic%20cholinergic%20receptors%20to%20facilitate%20neurotransmitter%20release%20%28dopamine%20and%20others%29%2C%20producing%20pleasure%2C%20stimulation%2C%20and%20mood%20modulation.%20Neuroadaptation%20develops%20with%20repeated%20exposure%20to%20nicotine%2C%20resulting%20in%20tolerance%20to%20many%20of%20the%20effects%20of%20nicotine.%20When%20a%20smoker%20stops%20smoking%2C%20a%20nicotine%20withdrawal%20syndrome%20ensues%2C%20characterized%20by%20irritability%2C%20anxiety%2C%20increased%20eating%2C%20dysphoria%2C%20and%20hedonic%20dysregulation%2C%20among%20other%20symptoms.%20Smoking%20is%20also%20reinforced%20by%20conditioning%2C%20such%20that%20specific%20stimuli%20that%20are%20psychologically%20associated%20with%20smoking%20become%20cues%20for%20an%20urge%20to%20smoke.%20These%20include%20the%20taste%20and%20smell%20of%20tobacco%2C%20as%20well%20as%20particular%20moods%2C%20situations%2C%20and%20environmental%20cues.%20Pharmacotherapies%20to%20aid%20smoking%20cessation%20should%20ideally%20reduce%20nicotine%20withdrawal%20symptoms%20and%20block%20the%20reinforcing%20effects%20of%20nicotine%20obtained%20from%20smoking%20without%20causing%20excessive%20adverse%20effects.%20Further%2C%20given%20the%20important%20role%20of%20sensory%20effects%20of%20smoking%20and%20psychoactive%20effects%20of%20nicotine%2C%20counseling%20and%20behavioral%20therapies%20are%20important%20adjuncts%20to%20and%20substantially%20augment%20the%20benefits%20of%20pharmacotherapy.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22April%202008%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.amjmed.2008.01.015%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0002934308001034%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220002-9343%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%228FBRMISE%22%2C%2242BVNSBG%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-06-08T07%3A22%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KUGMRBGI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2848753%2C%22username%22%3A%22malisayoung%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fmalisayoung%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Benowitz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBenowitz%2C%20N.%20L.%2C%20Donny%2C%20E.%20C.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hatsukami%2C%20D.%20K.%20%282017%29.%20Reduced%20nicotine%20content%20cigarettes%2C%20e-cigarettes%20and%20the%20cigarette%20end%20game.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAddiction%20%28Abingdon%2C%20England%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B112%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%206%26%23×2013%3B7.%20mdc%20%2827555354%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fadd.13534%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fadd.13534%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKUGMRBGI%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reduced%20nicotine%20content%20cigarettes%2C%20e-cigarettes%20and%20the%20cigarette%20end%20game.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Neal%20L%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benowitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20C%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Donny%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dorothy%20K%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hatsukami%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22January%202017%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fadd.13534%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpire.idm.oclc.org%5C%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%5C%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dmdc%26AN%3D27555354%26site%3Dehost-live%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221360-0443%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22BWJVRA8W%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A45%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BKNW2QVR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Benowitz%20NL%20and%20Goniewicz%20ML%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-08-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBenowitz%20NL%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Goniewicz%20ML.%20%282013%29.%20THe%20regulatory%20challenge%20of%20electronic%20cigarettes.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJAMA%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B310%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%287%29%2C%20685%26%23×2013%3B686.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjama.2013.109501%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjama.2013.109501%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DBKNW2QVR%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22THe%20regulatory%20challenge%20of%20electronic%20cigarettes%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Benowitz%20NL%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Goniewicz%20ML%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Electronic%20cigarettes%20%28e-cigarettes%20or%20electronic%20nicotine%20delivery%20systems%29%20heat%20a%20nicotine%20solution%20to%20generate%20vapor%20that%20is%20inhaled%2C%20without%20the%20combustion%20of%20tobacco%20and%20its%20toxic%20constituents.%20Use%20of%20e-cigarettes%20is%20increasing%20in%20the%20United%20States%20and%20around%20the%20world.%20Current%20smokers%20in%20the%20United%20States%20report%20an%2011.4%25%20prevalence%20of%20ever%20use%20of%20e-cigarettes%20and%204.1%25%20use%20in%20past%2030%20days.1%20They%20likely%20pose%20less%20direct%20hazard%20to%20the%20individual%20smoker%20than%20tobacco%20cigarettes%20and%20might%20help%20smokers%20quit%20smoking%20or%20reduce%20harm%20by%20smoking%20fewer%20tobacco%20cigarettes.%20On%20the%20other%20hand%2C%20there%20are%20potential%20harms%2C%20including%20promoting%20continued%20smoking%20of%20cigarettes%20and%20renormalizing%20cigarette%20smoking%20behaviors.%20The%20Food%20and%20Drug%20Administration%20%28FDA%29%20is%20authorized%20to%20regulate%20tobacco%20products%2C%20and%20in%202011%20the%20agency%20announced%20plans%20to%20regulate%20e-cigarettes%20as%20tobacco%20products.2%20The%20FDA%20will%20need%20to%20make%20a%20number%20of%20regulatory%20decisions%20about%20product%20safety%20that%20could%20have%20major%20effects%20on%20public%20health%20and%20will%20face%20many%20challenges.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%2021%2C%202013%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1001%5C%2Fjama.2013.109501%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1001%5C%2Fjama.2013.109501%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220098-7484%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZRP8IDK4%22%2C%223XBS6FIH%22%2C%22RWX73NQT%22%2C%22I5IKV5PF%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222018-05-17T01%3A50%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CNVP2U4S%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berg%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBerg%2C%20C.%20J.%2C%20Haardoerfer%2C%20R.%2C%20Escoffery%2C%20C.%2C%20Zheng%2C%20P.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kegler%2C%20M.%20%282015%29.%20Cigarette%20Users%26%23×2019%3B%20Interest%20in%20Using%20or%20Switching%20to%20Electronic%20Nicotine%20Delivery%20Systems%20for%20Smokeless%20Tobacco%20for%20Harm%20Reduction%2C%20Cessation%2C%20or%20Novelty%3A%20A%20Cross-Sectional%20Survey%20of%20US%20Adults.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNicotine%20%26amp%3B%20Tobacco%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B17%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20245%26%23×2013%3B255.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fntr.oxfordjournals.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F17%5C%2F2%5C%2F245.short%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fntr.oxfordjournals.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F17%5C%2F2%5C%2F245.short%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DCNVP2U4S%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cigarette%20Users%5Cu2019%20Interest%20in%20Using%20or%20Switching%20to%20Electronic%20Nicotine%20Delivery%20Systems%20for%20Smokeless%20Tobacco%20for%20Harm%20Reduction%2C%20Cessation%2C%20or%20Novelty%3A%20A%20Cross-Sectional%20Survey%20of%20US%20Adults%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Carla%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Regine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haardoerfer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cam%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Escoffery%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pinpin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zheng%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kegler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fntr.oxfordjournals.org%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F17%5C%2F2%5C%2F245.short%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22A2BZQR6A%22%2C%22V484WPB3%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-06-02T00%3A55%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z54E229E%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A350619%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berridge%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-05-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBerridge%2C%20V.%2C%20Bayer%2C%20R.%2C%20Fairchild%2C%20A.%20L.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Hall%2C%20W.%20%282023%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BE-Cigarettes%20and%20the%20Comparative%20Politics%20of%20Harm%20Reduction%3A%20History%2C%20Evidence%2C%20and%20Policy%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Springer%20Nature.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D350619%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZ54E229E%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22E-Cigarettes%20and%20the%20Comparative%20Politics%20of%20Harm%20Reduction%3A%20History%2C%20Evidence%2C%20and%20Policy%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virginia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berridge%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ronald%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bayer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amy%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fairchild%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wayne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hall%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20open%20access%20book%20offers%20the%20first%20in-depth%20study%20of%20the%20history%20and%20current%20debates%20surrounding%20electronic%20cigarettes%20comparing%20the%20UK%2C%20US%20and%20Australia.%20Since%20their%20introduction%2C%20e-cigarettes%20have%20been%20the%20subject%20of%20much%20public%2C%20media%20and%20regulatory%20attention%2C%20with%20discussion%20centring%20on%20whether%20these%20devices%20encourage%20or%20discourage%20smoking.%20This%20study%20delves%20into%20the%20history%20of%20policymaking%20and%20institutions%20in%20three%20countries%20which%20have%20taken%20different%20approaches%20to%20the%20regulation%20of%20e-cigarettes.%20In%20the%20UK%2C%20the%20tradition%20of%20harm%20reduction%20through%20nicotine%20has%20helped%20form%20a%20response%20which%20has%20endorsed%20e-cigarettes%2C%20though%20not%20without%20considerable%20controversy.%20In%20contrast%2C%20the%20US%20has%20a%20cessation-only%20anti-tobacco%20agenda%2C%20and%20Australia%20has%20effectively%20banned%20e-cigarettes.%20This%20book%20argues%20that%20each%20country%20frames%20the%20long-term%20use%20of%20nicotine%20differently%20and%20prioritises%20the%20health%20of%20different%20groups%20within%20the%20population%20of%20smokers%20or%20non-smokers%2C%20set%20against%20a%20broad%20backdrop%20of%20national%20responses%20to%20addiction.%20By%20taking%20this%20comparative%20approach%2C%20the%20authors%20explore%20the%20relationship%20between%20history%2C%20evidence%20and%20policy%20in%20public%20health%20more%20widely.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-05-30%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-031-23658-7%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-08T21%3A16%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Abrams DB. (2014). Promise and peril of e-cigarettes: Can disruptive technology make cigarettes obsolete? JAMA, 311(2), 135–136. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.285347 Cite
Abrams, D. B., Glasser, A. M., Pearson, J. L., Villanti, A. C., Collins, L. K., & Niaura, R. S. (2018). Harm Minimization and Tobacco Control: Reframing Societal Views of Nicotine Use to Rapidly Save Lives. Annual Review of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013849 Cite
Adkison, S. E., O’Connor, R. J., Bansal-Travers, M., Hyland, A., Borland, R., Yong, H.-H., Cummings, K. M., McNeill, A., Thrasher, J. F., Hammond, D., & Fong, G. T. (2013). Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 44(3), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.10.018 Cite
Adriaens, K., Van Gucht, D., Declerck, P., & Baeyens, F. (2014). Effectiveness of the Electronic Cigarette: An Eight-Week Flemish Study with Six-Month Follow-up on Smoking Reduction, Craving and Experienced Benefits and Complaints. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 11(11), 11220–11248. cxh. https://pire.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cxh&AN=99727798&site=ehost-live Cite
Agaku, I. T., & Alpert, H. R. (2015). Trends in annual sales and current use of cigarettes, cigars, roll-your-own tobacco, pipes, and smokeless tobacco among US adults, 2002–2012. Tobacco Control, tobaccocontrol-2014. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2015/04/21/tobaccocontrol-2014-052125.short Cite
Al-Delaimy, W. K., Myers, M. G., Leas, E. C., Strong, D. R., & Hofstetter, C. R. (2015). E-Cigarette Use in the Past and Quitting Behavior in the Future: A Population-Based Study. American Journal of Public Health, 105(6), 1213–1219. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482 Cite
Alamar, B., & Glantz, S. A. (2006). Effect of Increased Social Unacceptability of Cigarette Smoking on Reduction in Cigarette Consumption. American Journal of Public Health, 96(8), 1359–1363. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.069617 Cite
Alawsi, F., Nour, R., & Prabhu, S. (2015). Are e-cigarettes a gateway to smoking or a pathway to quitting? British Dental Journal, 219(3), 111–115. mdc (26271862). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.591 Cite
Ali, M., Gray, T. R., Martinez, D. J., Curry, L. E., & Horn, K. A. (2016). Risk Profiles of Youth Single, Dual, and Poly Tobacco Users. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Nicotine And Tobacco, 18(7), 1614–1621. mdc (26896162). https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw028 Cite
Ambrose, B. K., Rostron, B. L., Johnson, S. E., Portnoy, D. B., Apelberg, B. J., Kaufman, A. R., & Choiniere, C. J. (2014). Perceptions of the Relative Harm of Cigarettes and E-cigarettes Among U.S. Youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(2, Supplement 1), S53–S60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.04.016 Cite
Amrock, S. M., Zakhar, J., Zhou, S., & Weitzman, M. (2015). Perception of E-Cigarette Harm and Its Correlation With Use Among U.S. Adolescents. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 17(3), 330–336. cxh. https://pire.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cxh&AN=101371555&site=ehost-live Cite
Anand, V., McGinty, K. L., O’Brien, K., Guenthner, G., Hahn, E., & Martin, C. A. (2015). E-cigarette Use and Beliefs Among Urban Public High School Students in North Carolina. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.018 Cite
Anderson, P. (2014). Reframing the Governance of Addictions. SUCHT-Zeitschrift Für Wissenschaft Und Praxis/Journal of Addiction Research and Practice, 60(6), 309–311. Cite
Anderson, P. J. (2005). History of aerosol therapy: liquid nebulization to MDIs to DPIs. Respiratory Care, 50(9), 1139–1150. http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/50/9/1139.short Cite
Annechino, R., & Antin, T. (2018). Taking Sides in E-Cigarette Research (interactive). Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/C6NT8 Cite
Annechino, R., & Antin, T. (2018, March 30). Truth-telling, trust and e-cigarettes. Center for Critical Public Health. https://criticalpublichealth.org/blog/2018/03/30/truth-telling-trust-and-e-cigarettes/ Cite
Annechino, R., & Antin, T. (2016). Taking Sides in E-cigarette Research. Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings, 2016(1), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/1559-8918.2016.01079 Cite
Antin, T. (2014, March 24). E-cigarettes. Center for Critical Public Health. https://criticalpublichealth.org/blog/2014/03/24/e-cigarettes/ Cite
Antin, T., & Hunt, G. (2018). The what is and why bother with a critical public health. Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/74RUS Cite
Antin, T. M. J., Lipperman-Kreda, S., & Hunt, G. (2015). Tobacco Denormalization as a Public Health Strategy: Implications for Sexual and Gender Minorities. American Journal Of Public Health, 105(12), 2426–2429. mdc (26469677). https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302806 Cite
Antin, T. M. J., Annechino, R., Hunt, G., Lipperman-Kreda, S., & Young, M. (2017). The gendered experience of smoking stigma: implications for tobacco control. Critical Public Health, 27(4), 443–454. cxh. https://pire.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cxh&AN=123537469&site=ehost-live Cite
Arnold, C. (2014). Vaping and Health: What Do We Know about E-Cigarettes? Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(9), A244–A249. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.122-A244 Cite
Arrazola, R., Dube, S., & King, B. (2013). Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2011 and 2012 [Morbidity and Mortality Weekly]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6245a2.htm Cite
Ayers, J. W., Ribisl, K. M., & Brownstein, J. S. (2011). Tracking the Rise in Popularity of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Electronic Cigarettes) Using Search Query Surveillance. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(4), 448–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.007 Cite
Azagba, S. (2018). E-cigarette use, dual use of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes, and frequency of cannabis use among high school students. Addictive Behaviors, 79, 166–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.028 Cite
Azagba, S., & Wolfson, M. (2018). Full length article: E-cigarette use and quantity of cigarette smoking among adolescent cigarette smokers: A finite mixture model analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 185, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.003 Cite
Azagba, S., Baskerville, N. B., & Foley, K. (2017). Susceptibility to cigarette smoking among middle and high school e-cigarette users in Canada. Preventive Medicine, 103, 14–19. mdc (28735725). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.017 Cite
Balfour, D. J. (2001). The neurobiology of tobacco dependence: a commentary. Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases, 69(1), 7–11. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/11844955 Cite
Balhas, Z., Talih, S., Eissenberg, T., Salman, R., Karaoghlanian, N., & Shihadeh, A. (2014). Effects of user puff topography and device characteristics on electronic cigarette nicotine yield. 20th Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT). Cite
Barbeau, A. M., Burda, J., & Siegel, M. (2013). Perceived efficacy of e-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy among successful e-cigarette users: a qualitative approach. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 8, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1940-0640-8-5 Cite
Barnett, J., Legge Muilenburg, J., Johnson, C., Hou, S.-I., & Davis, M. (2014). Successful smoking cessation: Does quitting for good mean sacrificing LGBTQ identity? Cite
Barnett, T. E., Soule, E. K., Forrest, J. R., Porter, L., & Tomar, S. L. (2015). Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use: Associations With Conventional Cigarette and Hookah Smoking. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(2), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.013 Cite
Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Urman, R., Berhane, K., Unger, J. B., Cruz, T. B., Pentz, M. A., Samet, J. M., Leventhal, A. M., & McConnell, R. (2016). E-Cigarettes and Future Cigarette Use. Pediatrics, 138(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0379 Cite
Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Berhane, K., Unger, J. B., Cruz, T. B., Huh, J., Leventhal, A. M., Urman, R., Wang, K., Howland, S., Gilreath, T. D., Chou, C.-P., Pentz, M. A., & McConnell, R. (2015). Psychosocial Factors Associated With Adolescent Electronic Cigarette and Cigarette Use. Pediatrics, 136(2), 308–317. mdc (26216326). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0639 Cite
Barrington-Trimis, J. L., Berhane, K., Unger, J. B., Cruz, T. B., Urman, R., Chou, C. P., Howland, S., Wang, K., Pentz, M. A., Gilreath, T. D., Huh, J., Leventhal, A. M., Samet, J. M., & McConnell, R. (2016). The E-cigarette Social Environment, E-cigarette Use, and Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking. The Journal Of Adolescent Health: Official Publication Of The Society For Adolescent Medicine, 59(1), 75–80. mdc (27161417). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.019 Cite
Baskerville, N. B., Shuh, A., Wong-Francq, K., Dash, D., & Abramowicz, A. (2017). LGBTQ youth and young adult perspectives on a culturally tailored group smoking cessation program. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19(8), 960–967. psyh (2017-30464-010). https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx011 Cite
Bates, C. (n.d.). Cease and desist: making false claims about the gateway effect. The Counterfactual. Retrieved April 12, 2016, from http://www.clivebates.com/?p=2053 Cite
Bauld, L. (2012). Commentary on Wagener et al.(2012): E-cigarettes: room for cautious optimism. Addiction, 107(9), 1549–1550. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03904.x/full Cite
Bauld, L., MacKintosh, A. M., Ford, A., & McNeill, A. (2016). E-Cigarette Uptake Amongst UK Youth: Experimentation, but Little or No Regular Use in Nonsmokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal Of The Society For Research On Nicotine And Tobacco, 18(1), 102–103. mdc (26250882). https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv132 Cite
Behar, R. Z., Wang, Y., & Talbot, P. (2018). Comparing the cytotoxicity of electronic cigarette fluids, aerosols and solvents. Tobacco Control, tobaccocontrol-2016-053472. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053472 Cite
Bell, K. (2013). Tobacco control, harm reduction and the problem of pleasure. Drugs and Alcohol Today, 13(2), 111–118. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/DAT-03-2013-0013 Cite
Bell, K., & Keane, H. (2012). Nicotine control: E-cigarettes, smoking and addiction. International Journal of Drug Policy, 23(3), 242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.01.006 Cite
Bell, K., & Keane, H. (2014). All gates lead to smoking: The ‘gateway theory’, e-cigarettes and the remaking of nicotine. Social Science & Medicine, 119, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.08.016 Cite
Benowitz, N. L. (2001). Compensatory smoking of low-yield cigarettes. National Cancer Institute. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No, 13, 39–63. http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/Brp/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_3.pdf Cite
Benowitz, N. L. (2014). Emerging nicotine delivery products. Implications for public health. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11(2), 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201312-433PS Cite
Benowitz, N. L. (2008). Neurobiology of Nicotine Addiction: Implications for Smoking Cessation Treatment. The American Journal of Medicine, Update on Smoking Cessation Interventions for the Primary Care Physician, 121(4, Supplement), S3–S10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.01.015 Cite
Benowitz, N. L., Donny, E. C., & Hatsukami, D. K. (2017). Reduced nicotine content cigarettes, e-cigarettes and the cigarette end game. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 112(1), 6–7. mdc (27555354). https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13534 Cite
Benowitz NL, & Goniewicz ML. (2013). THe regulatory challenge of electronic cigarettes. JAMA, 310(7), 685–686. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.109501 Cite
Berg, C. J., Haardoerfer, R., Escoffery, C., Zheng, P., & Kegler, M. (2015). Cigarette Users’ Interest in Using or Switching to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems for Smokeless Tobacco for Harm Reduction, Cessation, or Novelty: A Cross-Sectional Survey of US Adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 17(2), 245–255. http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/content/17/2/245.short Cite
Berridge, V., Bayer, R., Fairchild, A. L., & Hall, W. (2023). E-Cigarettes and the Comparative Politics of Harm Reduction: History, Evidence, and Policy. Springer Nature. Cite
Scroll to Top